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MLA documentation

Summary Writing/MLA

QuestionAnswer
MLA Modern Language Association/a universally accepted system for documenting the use of outside sources.
In-Text Citation information added in parenthetical form to the text of a writing to show origin of outside source material used.
Signal Phrase a group of words/phrase added to a sentence to introduce information taken from a source (a quotation, summary, paraphrase, or fact).
Works Cited A list placed at the end of a paper that guides readers to the sources the writer of a paper has quoted, summarized, and paraphrased in the paper itself.
Plagiarism When a person uses another author’s intellectual property (language, visuals, or ideas) in his or her own writing without giving proper credit; academic theft.
Why do we document things? To tell readers where information in a writing comes from—so that they can assess its reliability and, if interested, find and read the original source.
To avoid plagiarism by giving credit to the writers from whom someone has borrowed words and ideas. Documentation
When to use documentation Whenever someone quotes from a source, whenever someone summarizes or paraphrases, and whenever someone borrows facts that are not common knowledge.
Borrowing another writer’s language, sentence structure, or ideas without proper acknowledgment is • Also referred to as academic dishonesty or academic theft. plagiarism
Only exception to plagiarism without documentation is common knowledge information that one’s readers may know or could easily locate in any number of general sources.
As a rule, when someone has seen information repeatedly in his or her reading, he or she does not need to cite it.
In the MLA citation style, sources are acknowledged in a system organized by two items: In-Text Citation/Works Cited list
• Also called parenthetical references or source citations. • Used in the text of a paper. • Names the author of a source, often in a signal phrase, and gives a page number in parentheses. In-Text Citation
In-text citations refer readers to a list of works cited in a paper
There is a direct connection between the in-text citation and the alphabetical Works Cited listing.
If an in-text citation is given in the text of a writing the source mentioned must also be listed on the Works Cited page, complete with all required publication information for the source.
one cannot have an in-text citation in his or her paper without that source being listed on the Works Cited page. Doing so is plagiarism.
Similarly, one cannot have sources listed on a Works Cited page if those sources are not used and documented with in-text citations within the paper itself. Doing so is plagiarism.
In-text citations are made with a combination of signal phrases and parenthetical references. A signal phrase introduces information taken from a source (a quotation, summary, paraphrase, or fact). Usually, the signal phrase includes the author’s name. MLA In-Text Citations
The parenthetical reference comes after the cited material, often at the end of the sentence.
The parenthetical reference includes at least a page number (except for unpaginated sources, such as those found on the web).
While general guidelines exist for signal phrases and page numbers some variations on the basic guidelines are acceptable.
Some variations of in-text citations are used when an author is NOT named in a signal phrase, when no author is known, when no page # is available, when there is more than one author, when an organization is an author, or when a source is quoted in another source.
• This list is always placed at the end of a paper in order to guide readers to the sources quoted, summarized, and paraphrased within that paper. • Answers the question: What would readers need to know to find this source for themselves? Works Cited list
Usually, writers will provide basic information common to most sources on a works cite list: author, title, publisher, publication date, and location (page numbers or URL, for example).
The way information about a source is formatted and placed on the Works Cited page depends on the type of source and from where that source was taken or located.
In general, three acts are considered plagiarism: 1. Failing to cite quotations and borrowed ideas 2. Failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks 3. Failing to put summaries and paraphrases in one’s own words
Under the “umbrella” of plagiarism, other acts are considered unacceptable: Misspelling or misrepresenting the name of an author or title Misquoting or changing in some way words or materials from an outside source Not following MLA rules/standards for paper setup and the formatting of in-text citations and Works Cited page
Created by: MathMatt
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