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Century 2030-8
Question | Answer |
---|---|
organization | Group of people working together in some concerted or coordinated effort to attain objectives. |
organizing | Grouping of activities necessary to attain common objectives and the assignment of each grouping to a manager who has authority necessary to supervise the people performing the activities. |
informal organization | Aggregate of the personal contacts and interactions and the associated groupings of people working within the formal organization. |
empowerment | Form of decentralization in which subordinates have authority to make decisions. |
decentralization | A great deal of authority is delegated to lower levels of management. |
centralization | Little authority is delegated to lower levels of management. |
span of management | Number of subordinates a manager can effectively manage; also called span of control. |
scalar principle | States that authority in the organization flows through the chain of managers one link at a time, ranging from the highest to the lowest ranks; also called the chain of command. |
unity of command principle | States that an employee should have one, and only one, immediate manager. |
exception principle | States that managers should concentrate on matters that diviate significantly from normal and let subordinates handle routine matters; also called management by exception. |
parity princle | States that authority and responsibility coincide. |
authority | Legitimate excercise of power; the right to issue directives and expend resources; related to power but narrower in scope. |
responsibility | Accountability for the attainment of objectives, the use of resources, and the adherence to organizational policy. |
job depth | Refers to the freedom of employees to plan and organize their own work, work at their own pace, and move around and communicate as desired. |
job scope | Refers to the number of different types of operations performed on the job. |
power | Ability to influence, command, or apply force. |