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#9A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.) How was the relationship between the Greek civilization, on the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean/Aegean Seas, like that of the Nile and Egypt? | Geography helped shape both societies. The Nile river helped Egyptians to expand while the Mountains kept Greeks apart. The Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea helped Greeks stay connected to the outside world. |
| 2.) The ancient Greeks absorbed many ideas and beliefs from what older civilizations? Yet, the Greeks would develop new cultural concepts on their own. What is one Greek innovation that stands out? | Mesopotamia and Egypt The new alphabet which is similar to what we use. |
| 3.) How did geography shape the early river valley civilizations in terms of government and their economies? Answer the same question for the Greeks (you will need to answer the next several questions and then come back to this one). | River valley rulers became strong by organizing irrigation works. Greeks civilization government was separated into city states because of isolation they did not turn into large empires. |
| 4.) Describe the physical geography of the Balkan Peninsula and the islands of the Aegean. What are the political and social consequences of this geography? | Mountains separated many small city states. Fertile land was scarce. The seas encouraged sailing and trade. City states fought and trade was important. |
| 5.) What was the ultimate consequence of the fierce rivalries between the Greek city-states? What earlier civilization met the same fate, for similar reasons? | They developed new ways to govern society. Greeks were very loyal to their own city states. The Phonecians met the same fate. |
| 6.)The Greek city-states were somewhat isolated in their mountain valleys or islands, what provided a vital link, to each other and the outside world? What other factor made the Balkan Peninsula and the Aegean islands perfect for sea based trade? | Vital link was the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. The mountains |
| 7.) How were the Greeks like the Phoenicians? What were their main items of export? What were the most common destinations for Greek ships? What types of goods did they import? | Greek and Phoenicians were both sailors and traders Olive oil, wine and Marble They imported grains, metals and ideas. |
| 8.) In addition to specific trade items, what else did Greek traders bring home? What is perhaps the best example of this? | Ideas came home with Greek sailors. Example was the alphabet. |
| 9.) What was the consequence of Greek population growth, around 750 B.C.? What was the extent of Greek colonization? What are the cultural consequences of this Greek emigration (outward migration)? | Greeks migrated to many areas around the Mediterranean Sea and brought their ideas and culture. |
| 10.) Identify and describe the polis and acropolis. | Polis=two level city-state. Acropolis was on the highest level and had great marble temples for gods and goddesses. The lower flat ground was where people lived and had markets, theaters and other public buildings. |
| What are the respective derivations of polis and acropolis? | Polis means city. Acropolis means high city. |
| 11.) What were some of the social and political consequences, of the relatively small populations, of the Greek city-states? Define the term citizen (in the context of the Greek city-state). How did these citizens spend much of their non-working time? | Small population helped citizens share a sense of responsibility for triumphs and defeats. Citizens=free residents(men) Free men spent time outside in the marketplace or sitting around debating issues that affect their lives. |
| 12.) What activities included the larger community, within each Greek city-state? Were all citizens of the Greek city-states equal? Explain. | Festivals were enjoyed by the larger community. Population was unequal. Only land owning men had power. |
| 13.) Review the Forms of Government Chart and the evolution of Athenian democracy. What are the respective derivations for each of these terms? | Monarchy=rule by one(king or queen) aristocracy=rule by the best (wealthy, land holding) oligarchy=rule by a few(wealthy) |
| 14.) Identify and describe the series of power shifts, which took place from around 750 B.C. to 500 B.C, in many Greek city-states. | Power shifted to the noble landowners. They had bronze weapons and chariots. |
| Explain the circumstances of each of these power shifts (i.e. what allowed the noble land owners to gain power, what allowed the new middle class to emerge and challenge the aristocracy?). | Middle class gained power when iron weapons became more affordable. |
| 15.) How did changes in military strategy and technology increase the power of the new Greek middle class (merchants, farmers and artisans)? | Affordable weapons and the phalanx (heavily armed foot soldiers.) |
| 16.) Identify and describe the phalanx. What were the social and political consequences of the Greeks adopting the phalanx? | Phalanx was a massive group of heavily armed soldiers that experienced a strong sense of unity. The phalanx had great military power to overcome others. |
| 17.) What tribal group established the city-state of Sparta? Identify and describe Laconia. What did the Spartans do to the peoples they conquered? | Dorians became the Spartans. Laconia is in the southern part of Greece. Spartans turned their conquered into slaves called helots. |
| 18.) Identify and describe helots. What was the ratio of helots to Spartans? What was the cultural consequence of this ratio for the Spartans? | Helots were conquered slaves that worked the land. They were large in number so the Spartans were very strict and brutal to the slaves to keep them under control. |
| 19.) Who ruled Sparta? What was the composition of the Spartan assembly? What was the role of the Spartan Ephors? How were they chosen? | Two kings and a council of elders Citizens of the assembly were males over 30. Five ephors were elected to run day-to-day affairs.. |
| 20.) Identify and describe Makron. | Makron was a well known artist. |
| When did Spartan military training begin? Describe this training. If you were a Spartan man what was your life like at age 20? 30? | Age seven=military training. Boys left home, lived in barracks did hard exercise and ate a coarse diet with rigid discipline. 20 years old could marry but still lived and ate in the barracks. 30 year olds could join the assembly with more training. |
| 21.) How did the need to produce superior Spartan soldiers affect even newborn infants? What was the term for this practice? | Sickly newborns were left to die=infanticide |
| 22.) What were the cultural expectations for a Spartan women? This led to what practice, which was unusual in the Greek world? In what ways were Spartan women similar to those of the other Greek city-states? In what ways were they different? Why? | Spartan women were to exercise and be strong to produce strong babies for the military. This was different from women in other city-states. They could own property and run estates. |
| 23.) What was the requirement for Spartan citizenship? Who farmed Spartan land? | Spartan citizens needed to be a descendant of the Dorians. Helots farmed spartan land. |
| 24.) How did Spartans view the foreigners in their territory? How were they treated? What did the Spartans call them? What was the respective size of the “neighbor” population? | Foreigners were unwelcome but governed by strict rules. They were treated poorly and could be expelled. Foreigners were called helots and made to work the land. Non-citizens outnumbered citizens but were strongly controlled. |
| 25.) Why do you think the Spartans tended to isolate themselves from the other Greeks? What was the general attitude of the other Greeks towards the Spartans? Why is it said, in the long run, Sparta suffered because of its rigidity? | They looked down on trade and wealth. Citizens were not allowed to travel. Other Greeks admired their military skills but felt they had nothing to live for. Thewarrior shrank and they lost their power. |
| 26.) Identify and describe Attica. Identify and describe Peloponnesus. What was the location of Athens? | Attica was where Athen was located. north of the Peloponnesus. Peloponnesus is a peninsula in Greece. |
| 27.) How was the evolution of the Athenian political system like that of many other Greek city-states? What group dominated the Athenian government by 700 B.C.? | Monarchy to an aristocracy 700 BC was ruled by noble landowners and chief officials. |
| 28.) What was the original purpose of the Parthenon? What was its location within Athens? How would you state the architectural importance of this structure? | Parthenon was a temple to honor Athena It was an acropolis high above the city. Its architecture is famous and influential. |
| 29.) What groups became discontented under the rule of the Athenian aristocracy? What were the specific issues of their discontent? | Ordinary people, merchants and soldiers became discontent with the power of the nobles. They wanted more rights, Foreigners wanted to become citizens, farmers lost their land and became slaves. |
| 30.) As the political and social discontent grew in Athens, what new political system were they moving towards? What is the derivation of this term? | Athens' political system began moving towards democracy also known as government by the people. Derivation =rule by the people. |
| 31.) Identify and describe Solon. Solon =wise and trusted leader that made reforms | Outlawed debt slavery, opened high offices to more citizens, let foreigners become citizens |
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chuckie11