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S and P quiz
Scientists and Philosophers quiz study set
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| William Harvey | Developed an understanding of blood flow in veins and how the blood is pumped through the body. |
| Francis Bacon | Created the scientific method/that experimentation should be used to conclude a scientific outcome |
| Rene Descartes | Rationalism was strong in France, led by him and his deductive reasoning, drawing conclusions from specific observations |
| Galileo Galilei | Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and development of the scientific method |
| Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who contributed to the new ideas of the Scientific Revolution through his ideas and influence over people such as Isaac Newton |
| Voltaire | A skeptic and a deist that was a strong proponent of religious freedom and freedom of speech |
| Diderot | Translated (and added to) the Encyclopedie into French, used it to spread and advocate for radical and revolutionary ideas against the church and the state by furthering the knowledge of the French people |
| Montesquieu | His book, “Spirit of Laws”, included a government system with branches, (legislative, executive, judicial) that can prevent corruption, ensure security, and protect god given rights |
| Cesare Beccaria | Worked to abolish capital punishment (the death penalty) in Italy. He influenced changes in criminal justice throughout Europe and even in North America years later |
| John Locke | Believed the government must protect the natural rights of every citizen. Every person is born with the natural rights of Life, Liberty, and Property no matter their status in society |
| Rousseau | Believed that the job of a leader is to harness the “general will” of the society and do what is best for the populace |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | English writer and passionate advocate of educational and social equality for women. She outlined her beliefs in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), considered a classic of feminism. |
| Marquis de Condorcet | He believed in religious toleration, education reform, abolition of slavery, and most importantly (and radically for the time), the equality of women to men |
| Adam Smith | Scottish economist who wrote “The Wealth of Nations” (1776) which brought forth new ideas on free market/ free trade, being the first significant challenge to the existing mercantilism theory, and brought forth the new concept of laissez-faire capitalism. |
| Sir Isaac Newton | Was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author, widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists and among the most influential scientists of all time |
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