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SCOTUS Cases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison | Adams appointed judges but his term ran out before their commissions were delivered, Jefferson refused to deliver them. Article III Established judicial review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | State tried to tax a national bank. Supremacy clause Expanded federal gov't power to regulate commerce. |
| United States v. Lopez | A student brought a gun to a school in Texas, charged under Gun Free School Zones Act. Commerce clause Education is not commerce. Congress did not have the authority to create gun free school zones. |
| Baker v. Carr | The population in TN's congressional districts was uneven and the lines had not been redrawn. 14th Amendment equal protection clause Redistricting is justiciable, "one person, one vote" rule for district boundaries |
| Shaw v. Reno | NC congressional district was drawn in an odd shape specifically to reflect where African Americans were living. 14 Amendment equal protection clause Racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | Students were suspended for wearing arm bands to protest the Vietnam War First Amendment (free speech) Symbolic speech/expression is protected. Students have the right to free speech as long as it does not disrupt education. |
| Engel v. Vitale | A prayer was being recited at schools in NY First amendment establishment clause Prayer cannot be mandated in public schools **This is also a selective incorporation case. |
| Wisconsin v. Yoder | The Amish did not want to send their children to high school because it went against their religious beliefs, but state law said they had to First Amendment free exercise clause The state cannot prohibit the practice of someone's religion |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Gideon was arrested for breaking and entering, denied a lawyer at trial, and found guilty Sixth Amendment Everyone has the right to a lawyer to represent them in court **This is also a selective incorporation case. |
| New York Times Company v. United States | The government attempted to stop the publication of the "Pentagon Papers" on national security grounds First Amendment (free press) Damaging information can still be published, must be a heavy presumption against prior restraint |
| Schenck v. United States | Schenck distributed leaflets encouraging people to defy the draft during WWI First Amendment (free speech) Established "clear and present danger" doctrine, showed US willingness to restrict speech during wartime (order and safety vs liberty) |
| McDonald v. Chicago | There was a handgun ban in effect in Chicago. Second Amendment Individual, private ownership of firearms is constitutional. **This is also a selective incorporation case. |
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missmurdough
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