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Pulmonary Diagnosis
Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of blood gas analysis? | assess gas exchange function and acid-base balance in the body |
| What does a high pH indicate? | high pH indicates more alkaline blood gas |
| What is the base equivalent in the blood? | bicarbonate (HCO3-) |
| Which issues happen faster; respiratory or metabolic? | Respiratory issues can happen quickly while metabolic occur within hours-days |
| What type of blood gas condition is caused by excess H+ or low HCO3-? | Metabolic acidosis |
| What blood gas condition is caused by a high partial pressure of CO2? | Respiratory acidosis |
| What is a common condition associates with respiratory acidosis? | obstructive pulmonary disease |
| What blood gas condition is cased by a rise in pH and high HCO3-) | metabolic alkalosis |
| What blood gas condition is caused by low partial pressure of CO2? | respiratory alkalosis |
| What is a common condition associated with respiratory alkalosis? | hyperventilation |
| What is a common condition associated with metabolic acidosis? | excessive vomiting |
| What is a common condition associated with metabolic alkalosis? | kidney dysfunction |
| What are the symptoms of respiratory acidosis? | rapid, shallow respirations; dyspnea; disorientation; muscle weakness |
| Which changes are more dangerous; acute or chronic? | acute changes are more dangerous than chronic changes |
| What are the normal values of a blood gas analysis? | pH 7.40; PaCO2 40; PaHCO3- 24; PaO2 100 |
| What ratio is critical to a normal pH? | ratio of CO2 and HCO3- |
| Where is HCO3- levels managed? | kidneys |
| Where is CO2 levels managed? | lungs |
| Which is considered an acid/base; CO2, HCO3-? | acid: CO2; Base: HCO3- |
| How do you know there is compensation for respiratory acidosis? | high PCO2 but pH level is near normal |
| How do you know there is compensation for metabolic acidosis? | low bicarbonate with near normal pH |
| How do you compensate for metabolic acidosis? | hyperventilation to reduce H+ ions |
| What are the values that determine acidosis? (pH, CO2, HCO3) | pH <7.40; CO2 >40; HCO3 <24 |
| What are the values that determine alkalosis? (pH, CO2, HCO3) | pH >7.40; CO2 <40; HCO3 >24 |
| How do you determine the "first name" of a blood gas condition? | based on the value of CO2 or HCO3 that matches the pH ("last name") |
| How do you determine the "last name" of a blood gas condition? | Based on the pH level |
| What blood gas pressure indicates hypoxemia? | PaO2 < 80 mmHg indicates hypoxemia 60-80 mild, 40-60 moderate, <40 severe |
| What blood gas pressure indicates hypercapnia? | PaCO2 > 50 mmHg |
| What values are important to know for oximetry? | 97-100% is normal, 90% requires caution, <86% must stop activity |
| What information is provided by Cytologic and hematologic tests? | information on infections based on WBC count, can help guide treatment of certain diseases that cause pulmonary dysfunction; as well as detect anemia or other diseases influencing respiratory functions |
Created by:
mcush1
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