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Kim Ferguson
Physiology Week 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lymph is filtered by the | lymph nodes |
| The lymphatic organs produce | lymphocytes |
| The purpose of the lymphatic system is to | fight against infection |
| Fluid that is clear, watery and contains protein molecules, salts, and other substances is called | intercellular fluid |
| The lymphatic system is made up of lymphatic vessels where lymph flows in only one direction towards | the heart |
| The T cell is considered | the communicator |
| Millions of B cells release millions of | antibodies |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis. |
| Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called | lymphokinetic activities. |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? | lymphotoxin |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies. | clonal selection theory |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | thymus. |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | antigen’s epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule’s antigen-binding site. |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? | interferon |
| Which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms? | sebum mucus enzymes hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa all of the above |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins. |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins. |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | tonsils. |
| Lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines are called | lacteals. |
| Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir? | spleen |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | Species resistance |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity. |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center. |
| What is the function of the spleen? | tissue repair hematopoiesis red blood cell and platelet destruction blood reservoir all of the above |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells. |
| Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are | lymph nodes. |
| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called | phagocytosis. |
| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | diapedesis. |
| Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as | natural killer cells. |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
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