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PLSC 392 quiz 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "cradle-to-grave" approach to chemical and hazardous waste | design and manufacture or importation from abroad, storage, transportation/handling, distribution, sale, use, disposal or reuse |
| challenges faced by EPA | lack of financial resources and personnel, ever expanding mandate of new chemicals and tasks |
| case studies surrounding hazardous waste sites | Love Canal in NY, String Fellow Canyon in Glen Avon CA, statutory and regulatory battle over endocrine disruptors |
| key statutes that regulate the production, sale, and use of toxic and hazardous substances | Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947, Food, Drug Cosmetics Act of 1938, Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, Food Quality Prevention Act of 1996 |
| acts that contribute to regulation of chemicals, but not main purpose | CAA, CWA, SDWA, OSHA |
| statutes that regulate the disposal of chemicals, the management of waste, and clean-up of contaminated sites | Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) |
| one information based statute surrounding toxic and hazardous chemicals | Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) |
| FIFRA (Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act) | label directions, authorize limited use of unregistered pesticides, suspend or cancel, training |
| FQPA (Food Quality Protection Act) | regulates pesticides in food, reasonable certainty of no harm |
| Pesticide Registration Process | ingredients of pesticide, where it is used, amount/frequency/timing, storage and disposal |
| evaluation process | human health risks, cumulative risks, occupational risks, environmental risks |
| Toxic Substances Act | grandfathered 65000 chemicals, safe until proven harmful, strengthened by Frank Lautenberg Amendment |
| EPCRA (Emergency Pollution Control and Community Right to Know Act) | monitor and publicly report any release, EPA keeps toxic release inventory, |
| RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) | control solid waste management, promote resource conservation and recovery |
| Petroleum Exclusion | drilling fluids and cuttings, precipitated solids, gas treatment residues |
| agricultural waste exclusion | manures, crop residues, soil conditioners |
| types of non hazardous solid waste | municipal, industrial |
| CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation Liability Act) key provisions | national priorities list, clean up superfund sites, identify responsible parties, manage superfund |
| energy policy areas | energy security, economic policy, environmental policy, health policy |
| gov tools used to support and promote use of energy source | fiscal incentives, funding and subsidies, loosening regulatory requirements |
| protect human health and the environment from the harms of particular energy source | fiscal policy, suspending or terminating existing funds, imposing stricter environmental rules |
| George W Bush energy policy | economic growth and energy independence |
| Barack Obama energy policy | economic recovery and environmental protection |
| Donald Trump energy policy | fossil fuel recovery, resurrect coal |
| top oil producers | USA, Saudi Arabia, Russia |
| top natural gas producers | USA, Russia, Iran |
| DOI and oil | awards licenses/leases for oil drilling on federal land and offshore |
| advantages of RES | high job producer, electricity generation capacity, state initiatives, large scale corporate initiatives |
| advantages of nuclear power | no imminent risk or depletion, less severe destruction of landscape, little GHG emission, national self sufficiency in energy |
| disadvantages of nuclear power | costs, safety issues, loss or theft of fissile material, decommissioning impact, nuclear waste storage and disposal, nuclear proliferation |
| NIMBY problem | not in my backyard |
| BOEM | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, grant offshore leases for oil |
| BSEE | Bureau of Safety And Environmental Enforcement, created after Deepwater Horizon |
| three key waste disposal methods for non hazardous solid wastes | open dumping, landfill, incineration |
| objectives of sustainable waste management policy | waste diversion, sanitary waste disposal |
| incineration | rarely used since CAA, expensive due to restrictions, unpopular with local communities |
| three step recycling process | collection and processing of waste, manufacture of a recycled product, sale of the product |
| e waste | electronic waste, possibly an environmental hazard or business opportunity |
| five ways that hydroelectric power and fossil fuels disrupt ecosystems | destruction of landscape, pollution of water/air/soil, GHG emissions, geological instability |
| advantages of coal | abundance, cheap, easy to mine and transport, little processing |
| disadvantages of coal | harm human health, habitat destruction, air pollutant production, toxic coal ash |
| arguments against coal in USA | decrease in jobs due to market forces, causes climate change, harm on human health and environment |
| advantages of oil | easy to transport, less air and GHG pollution than coal |
| disadvantages of oil | environmental effects of exploration and extraction, air and water pollution, GHG emissions |
| percentage of US land the government owns | 25%, helped to develop the west |
| Obama's compromise | allowed DOI to expand offshore leasing to oil and gas to block exploitation of northern slope of Alaska, led to Deepwater Horizon disaster |
| advantages of natural gas | cleaner combustion than coal/oil, no sulfur emissions, less GHG than coal, fracking boom good for economy |
| disadvantages of natural gas | contaminate waters, landscape and habitat destruction, surface water contamination, air pollution, geological instability, truck traffic, boom and bust cycles |
| types of RES | hydroelectric power, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal |
| disadvantages of RES | hydromodification, impact landscape, needs sun/wind/water, energy storage issues |
| history of nuclear power | Manhattan Project WWII, Three Mile Island accident, Chernobyl disaster, Fukushima earthquake |
| Deepwater Horizon oil spill | faulty sensor overlooked, blowout when gas rose through the well to the surface, gas ignited on platform, 11 dead, oil kept spewing from well, leaked for 87 days |
| federal short term response to Deepwater Horizon | crisis management team, search and rescue, stop leak and start cleanup, assist affected communities |
| federal long term response to Deepwater Horizon | national commission to review, reform DOI licenses, creation of BOEM, reduce reliance on offshore oil |
| what Obama really wanted to say | wasn't able to do job because of GOP, gutting of env regulations, Americans do not like taxes, hates Bobby Jindal, hypocritical, media too involved, |
Created by:
gillwags
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