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LAN Chapter 5 terms
CIT132 LAN - Chapter 5 Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 10Base-T | A Physical layer standard for networks that specifies baseband transmission, twisted pair media, and 10-Mbps throughput. 10Base-T networks have a maximum segment length of 100 meters and rely on a star topology. |
| 10GBase-ER | A Physical layer standard for achieving 10-Gbps data transmission over singlemode, fiber-optic cable. In 10GBase-ER, the ER stands for extended reach. This standard specifies a star topology and segment lengths up to 40 kilometers. |
| 10GBase-EW | A variation of the 10GBase-ER standard that is specially encoded to operate over SONET WAN links. |
| 10GBase-LR | A Physical layer standard for achieving 10-Gbps data transmission over singlemode, fiber-optic cable using wavelengths of 1310 nanometers. In 10GBase-LR, the LR stands for long reach. |
| 10GBase-LW | A variation of the 10GBase-LR standard that is specially encoded to operate over SONET WAN links. |
| 10GBase-SR | A Physical layer standard for achieving 10-Gbps data transmission over multimode fiber using wavelengths of 850 nanometers. The maximum segment length for 10GBase-SR can reach up to 300 meters. |
| 10GBase-SW | A variation of the 10GBase-SR standard that is specially encoded to operate over SONET WAN links. |
| 10GBase-T A | Physical layer standard for achieving 10-Gbps data transmission over twisted pair cable. Described in its 2006 standard 802.3an, IEEE specifies Cat 6 or Cat 7 cable as the appropriate medium for 10GBase-T. |
| 100Base-FX | A Physical layer standard for networks that specifies baseband transmission, multimode fiber cabling, and 100-Mbps throughput. 100Base-FX networks have a maximum segment length of 2000 meters. 100Base-FX may also be called Fast Ethernet. |
| 100Base-T | A Physical layer standard for networks that specifies baseband transmission, twisted pair cabling, and 100-Mbps throughput. 100Base-T is also known as Fast Ethernet. |
| 100Base-TX | A type of 100Base-T network that uses two wire pairs in a twisted pair cable, but uses faster signaling to achieve 100-Mbps throughput. It is capable of full-duplex transmission and requires Cat 5 or higher twisted pair media. |
| 1000Base-LX | A Physical layer standard for networks that specifies 1-Gbps transmission over fiber-optic cable using baseband transmission. 1000Base-LX can run on either singlemode or multimode fiber. The LX represents its reliance on long wavelengths. |
| 1000Base-SX | A Physical layer standard that specifies 1-Gbps transmission over fiber-optic cable using baseband transmission. 1000Base-SX runs on multimode fiber. Its maximum segment length is 550 meters. The SX represents its reliance on short wavelengths |
| 1000Base-T | A Physical layer standard for achieving 1 Gbps over UTP. 1000Base-T achieves its higher throughput by using all four pairs of wires in a Cat 5 or higher twisted pair cable to both transmit and receive signals. |
| 5-4-3 rule | A guideline for 10-Mbps Ethernet networks stating that between two communicating nodes, the network cannot contain more than five network segments connected by four repeating devices, and no more than three of the segments may be populated. |
| 802.3ab | The IEEE standard that describes 1000Base-T, a 1-Gigabit Ethernet technology that runs over four pairs of Cat 5 or better cable. |
| 802.3ae | The IEEE standard that describes 10-Gigabit Ethernet technologies, including 10GBase-SR, 10GBase-SW, 10GBase-LR, 10GBase-LW, 10GBase-ER, and 10GBase-EW. |
| 802.3af | The IEEE standard that specifies a way of supplying electrical Power over Ethernet (PoE). 802.3af requires Cat 5 or better UTP or STP cabling and uses power sourcing equipment to supply current over a wire pair to powered devices. |
| 802.3an | The IEEE standard published in 2006 that describes 10GBase-T, a 10-Gbps Ethernet technology that runs on Cat 6 or Cat 7 twisted pair cable. |
| 802.3u | The IEEE standard that describes Fast Ethernet technologies, including 100Base-TX. |
| 802.3z | The IEEE standard that describes 1000Base (or 1-Gigabit) Ethernet technologies, including 1000Base-LX and 1000Base-SX. |
| access method | A network’s method of controlling how nodes access the communications channel. For example, CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) is the access method specified in the IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) standard. |
| active topology | A topology in which each workstation participates in transmitting data over the network. A ring topology is considered an active topology. |
| broadcast domain | Logically grouped network nodes that can communicate directly via broadcast transmissions. For example, all nodes connected to a single hub and all nodes that participate in a bus-topology network belong to a single broadcast domain. |
| bus | The single cable connecting all devices in a bus topology. |
| bus topology | A topology in which a single cable connects all nodes on a network without intervening connectivity devices. |
| Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection | See CSMA/CD. |
| circuit switching | A type of switching in which a connection is established between two network nodes before they begin transmitting data. Bandwidth is dedicated to this connection and remains available until users terminate the communication between the two nodes. |
| collapsed backbone | A type of backbone that uses a router or switch as the single central connection point for multiple subnetworks. |
| collision | In Ethernet networks, the interference of one node’s data transmission with the data transmission of another node sharing the same segment. |
| collision domain | The portion of an Ethernet network in which collisions could occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. |
| CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) | A network access method specified for use by IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) networks. In CSMA/CD, each node waits its turn before transmitting data to avoid interfering with other nodes’ transmissions. |
| daisy chain | A group of connectivity devices linked together in a serial fashion. |
| data propagation delay | The length of time data takes to travel from one point on the segment to another point. On Ethernet networks, CSMA/CD’s collision detection routine cannot operate accurately if the data propagation delay is too long. |
| distributed backbone | A type of backbone in which a number of connectivity devices (usually hubs) are connected to a series of central connectivity devices, such as hubs, switches, or routers, in a hierarchy. |
| enterprise | An entire organization, including local and remote offices, a mixture of computer systems, and a number of departments. Enterprise-wide computing takes into account the breadth and diversity of a large organization’s computer needs. |
| Ethernet_II | The original Ethernet frame type developed by Digital, Intel, and Xerox, before the IEEE began to standardize Ethernet. |
| Fast Ethernet | A type of Ethernet network that is capable of 100-Mbps throughput. 100Base-T and 100Base-FX are both examples of Fast Ethernet. |
| fault tolerance | The capability for a component or system to continue functioning despite damage or malfunction. |
| Gigabit Ethernet | A type of Ethernet network that is capable of 1000-Mbps, or 1-Gbps, throughput. |
| hybrid topology | A physical topology that combines characteristics of more than one simple physical topology. |
| jamming | A part of CSMA/CD in which, upon detecting a collision, a station issues a special 32-bit sequence to indicate to all nodes on an Ethernet segment that its previously transmitted frame has suffered a collision and should be considered faulty. |
| logical topology | A characteristic of network transmission that reflects the way in which data is transmitted between nodes (which may differ from the physical layout of the paths that data takes). The most common logical topologies are bus and ring. |
| message switching | A type of switching in which a connection is established between two devices in the connection path; one device transfers data to the second device, then breaks the connection. |
| MPLS (multiprotocol label switching) | A type of switching that enables any one of several layer 2 protocols to carry multiple types of layer 3 protocols. One of its benefits is the ability to use packet-switched technologies over traditionally circuit-switched networks. |
| modal bandwidth | A measure of the highest frequency of signal a multimode fiber-optic cable can support over a specific distance. Modal bandwidth is measured in MHz-km. |
| multiprotocol label switching | See MPLS. |
| packet switching | A type of switching in which data is broken into packets before it is transported. In packet switching, packets can travel any path on the network to their destination, because each packet contains a destination address and sequencing information. |
| padding | The bytes added to the data (or information) portion of an Ethernet frame to ensure this field is at least 46 bytes in size. Padding has no effect on the data carried by the frame. |
| parallel backbone | A type of backbone that consists of more than one connection from the central router or switch to each network segment. |
| passive topology | A network topology in which each node passively listens for, then accepts, data directed to it. A bus topology is considered a passive topology. |
| PD (powered device) | On a network using Power over Ethernet, a node that receives power from power sourcing equipment. |
| physical topology | The physical layout of a network. A physical topology depicts a network in broad scope; Physical topologies are categorized into three fundamental geometric shapes: bus, ring, and star. These shapes can be mixed to create hybrid topologies. |
| PoE (Power over Ethernet) | A method of delivering current to devices using Ethernet connection cables. |
| preamble | The field in an Ethernet frame that signals to the receiving node that data is incoming and indicates when the data flow is about to begin. |
| PSE (power sourcing equipment) | On a network using Power over Ethernet, the device that supplies power to end nodes. |
| QoS (quality of service) | The result of specifications for guaranteeing data delivery within a certain period of time after their transmission. |
| quality of service | See QoS. |
| ring topology | A network layout in which each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so that the entire network forms a circle. Data is transmitted unidirectionally around the ring. |
| serial backbone | A type of backbone that consists of two or more internetworking devices connected to each other by a single cable in a daisy chain. Hubs are often connected in this way to extend a network. |
| SFD (start-of-frame delimiter) | A 1-byte field that indicates where the data field begins in an Ethernet frame. |
| signal bounce | A phenomenon, caused by improper termination on a bus-topology network, in which signals travel endlessly between the two ends of the network, preventing new signals from getting through. |
| star topology | A physical topology in which every node on the network is connected through a central device, such as a hub. Any single physical wire on a star network connects only two devices, so a cabling problem will affect only two nodes. |
| star-wired bus topology | A hybrid topology in which groups of workstations are connected in a star fashion to hubs that are networked via a single bus. |
| star-wired ring topology | A hybrid topology that uses the physical layout of a star and the token-passing data transmission method. |
| switching | A component of a network’s logical topology that manages how packets are filtered and forwarded between nodes on the network. |
| terminator | A resistor that is attached to each end of a bus-topology network and that causes the signal to stop rather than reflect back toward its source. |
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