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The genetic makeup of an individual is its
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True or False: All alleles are either dominant or codominant
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Bio Test 12/7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The genetic makeup of an individual is its | genotype |
| True or False: All alleles are either dominant or codominant | False |
| Threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein that are carrying genetic information in the form of genes are | Chromosomes |
| Single-gene crosses are also known as | Monohybrid crosses |
| Alleles | Versions of genes |
| Patterns of Inheritance | Codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles |
| Homozygous | Same alleles |
| Heterozygous | Different alleles |
| Nondisjunction | a pair of homologous chromosomes has failed to separate or segregate at anaphase so that both chromosomes of the pair pass to the same daughter cell |
| Cell Division | process that allows one cell to divide into two new daughter cells; info is copied before splitting |
| Asexual Reproduction | Single parent; genetically identical offspring |
| Sexual Reproduction | Both parents; inherit genetic info from both parents |
| Asexual Reproduction Example | Bacteria, plants, animals |
| Sexual Reproduction Example | Plants, animals, female, male |
| Cell Cycle | Time that the cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells |
| Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Phases | G1, S, G2, M |
| G1, S, G2 is during the | interphase |
| M Phase is | cell division |
| G1: Cell Growth -> what does the "G" stand for and what happens | Gap Most of the growing happens here |
| S: DNA Replication -> what does the 'S' stand for & what happens | Synthesis New DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated Cell had double DNA at end |
| G2: Preparing for cell division -> what diff about this and what happens | Shortest of the three Organelles and molecules that are needed are made |
| M: Cell division -> what does 'M' stand for, what's significant, and what are its two stages | Mitosis Faster than interphase Mitosis and Cytokineses (may overlap) |
| Mitosis -> Four phases | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase |
| Parts of Mitosis (5/6) | Nuclear envelope, DNA & chromosomes, Spindle Forming, Centrioles, Centromeres |
| Prophase (3 things happen) | Genetic material condenses, chromosomes become visible, spindles start to form |
| Metaphase -> what's significant and what happens | Shortest Centromers line up in center spindle fibers connect to centromere to opposite ends |
| Anaphase (2 things happen) | Chromosomes separate and pulled to each end Separates into two groups |
| Telophase -> final step (what happens) | Nuclear envelopes are reformed Chromosomes spread out again |
| Cytokinesis | Completes cell division Same or close to time of telophase |
| Can cell division be turned off? | yes |
| Cyclins | Naturally produced protein that starts cell division |
| Apoptis | Process of programmed cell death |
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Ishika17
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