Kings in the Late Middle Ages increasingly had to consult representative assemblies to grant new taxes because?:

income from ordinary revenues, particularly rents, had declined

instability of the late 14c was the result of the

weakening of feudalism in europe, increasing financial pressures on european rulers, demographic turmoil caused by the black plague, widespread failure of european rulers to produce a direct male heir

the great schism was finally resolved

by returning the pope to rome, but catholicism’s political power was broken

which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of the development of gunpowder on europe’s nobility

gunpowder led to the end of knights in armor and jousting with lances

argued that a general council of top church officials not the pope possessed supreme earthly authority in the church

all of the following trends occurred in the decades after the outbreak of the bubonic plague in 1348 except

downward trend in the prices of manufactured goods

one of the most important consequences of the hundred years war was that

parliament widened its powers in england

unam sanctam expressed what view

temporal power was subject to the spiritual power of the church

which of the following would have the greatest influence on shaping the values of the italian renaissance

the townhouse of an italian merchant

renaissance education was characterized by

emphasis on developing the “complete individual”

what was not a characteristic of the renaissance

strong anti christian sentiment

renaissance humanists would have been most interested in

finding an old greek manuscript

castiglione’s the courtier

suggested the proper social graces for a young renaissance noble

renaissance courtiers were

people who served a prince in multiple political and administrative ways

advocated active service to the city-state

northern humanists differed from their italian predecessors

in their focus on the textual reexamination of the bible and the writings of the early church fathers

Art and sciences are not cast in a mold, but are perfected by degrees, by often handling and polishing, as bears leisurely lick their cubs into form. (Michel de Montaigne, Works II. xii, 1533-1592)

skepticism concerning known or revealed truth

mannerist art was characterized by

distorted human figures and unnatural lighting effects

jacob burckhardt believed the italian renaissance was

a distinct break from the middle ages

Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that?:

god gave humans free will so that they could choose to be earthly or spiritual creatures

thomas moore’s utopia

presented a revolutionary social order based on communal living and property

the prince argued that

the prince’s highest obligation was the preservation of his state

italian renaissance art can be most appropriately described as

neoclassicism in which the traditional characteristics of harmony and symmetry were valued

lorenzo valla gained fame for

proving the donation to constantine a fraud

constructed as an intellectual threat to the church, humanism

maintained that the true source of authority within the church was scripture

what was the cause for the protestant reformation, end of unity in western christianity, religious conflict, increase in lay education and spiritual reading

the great schism characterized by the Avignon papacy and the struggle between pope boniface XVIII and the french king phillip IV

the schmalkadic war was begun by

charles V to restore catholicism to the holy roman empire

the diet of worms was

imperial council that ordered martin luther to recant and condemned him when he refused

the peace of augsburg

permitted only the ruler of each state in the empire to choose between lutheranism and catholicism

most important reason for the popularity of lutheranism among the northern german princes was that it

attacked the idea of divinely established papal authority

martin luther rejected

financial payment for the remission of sins

not a cause of the protestant reformation

reform decrees of the council of trent

the brethren of common life represent

an example of pre-reformation popular piety

calvin insisted upon strict observance of moral laws because

moral behavior was an outward sign that the person was probably of the elect

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Question	Answer
Kings in the Late Middle Ages increasingly had to consult representative assemblies to grant new taxes because?:	income from ordinary revenues, particularly rents, had declined
all of the following figures opposed the growing papal authority except?	bernard of clairvoix
instability of the late 14c was the result of the	weakening of feudalism in europe, increasing financial pressures on european rulers, demographic turmoil caused by the black plague, widespread failure of european rulers to produce a direct male heir
the great schism was finally resolved	by returning the pope to rome, but catholicism’s political power was broken
which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of the development of gunpowder on europe’s nobility	gunpowder led to the end of knights in armor and jousting with lances
conciliarism	argued that a general council of top church officials not the pope possessed supreme earthly authority in the church
all of the following trends occurred in the decades after the outbreak of the bubonic plague in 1348 except	downward trend in the prices of manufactured goods
medieval scholasticism was characterized by	the use of dialectical logic
one of the most important consequences of the hundred years war was that	parliament widened its powers in england
unam sanctam expressed what view	temporal power was subject to the spiritual power of the church
the Hanseatic league monopolized trade in the	baltic and north seas
christians were forbidden to loan money at interest because	money could not make money
the word vernacular is used to describe	the spoken language of an area
the dominant trend in government in renaissance city-states in italy was from	republicanism to despotism
which of the following would have the greatest influence on shaping the values of the italian renaissance	the townhouse of an italian merchant
father of humanism	petrarch
renaissance education was characterized by	emphasis on developing the “complete individual”
favorite classical author of renaissance scholars was	cicero
what was not a characteristic of the renaissance	strong anti christian sentiment
renaissance humanists would have been most interested in	finding an old greek manuscript
castiglione’s the courtier	suggested the proper social graces for a young renaissance noble
literary masterpiece the satirized the ideals of knighthood and chivalry was written by	cervantes
renaissance courtiers were	people who served a prince in multiple political and administrative ways
civic humanists	advocated active service to the city-state
northern humanists differed from their italian predecessors	in their focus on the textual reexamination of the bible and the writings of the early church fathers
Art and sciences are not cast in a mold, but are perfected by degrees, by often handling and polishing, as bears leisurely lick their cubs into form. (Michel de Montaigne, Works II. xii, 1533-1592)	skepticism concerning known or revealed truth
mannerist art was characterized by	distorted human figures and unnatural lighting effects
jacob burckhardt believed the italian renaissance was	a distinct break from the middle ages
Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that?:	god gave humans free will so that they could choose to be earthly or spiritual creatures
liberal education in the renaissance included all of the following except	the study of military theory
thomas moore’s utopia	presented a revolutionary social order based on communal living and property
the prince argued that	the prince’s highest obligation was the preservation of his state
italian renaissance art can be most appropriately described as	neoclassicism in which the traditional characteristics of harmony and symmetry were valued
lorenzo valla gained fame for	proving the donation to constantine a fraud
constructed as an intellectual threat to the church, humanism	maintained that the true source of authority within the church was scripture
cujus regio, ejus religio. reaffirmation of German nationalism. limited to the recognition of Lutheranism and Catholicism. resolved the conflict between German Protestants and Catholic princes in the Holy Roman Empire.	peace of augsburg
what was the cause for the protestant reformation, end of unity in western christianity, religious conflict, increase in lay education and spiritual reading	the great schism characterized by the Avignon papacy and the struggle between pope boniface XVIII and the french king phillip IV
protestant reformation had extended its influence to all of the nations except	spain
protestant reformation had extended its influence to all of the nations except	johannes tetzel
the schmalkadic war was begun by	charles V to restore catholicism to the holy roman empire
calvinist law prohibited	dancing and gambling
ulrich zwingli was responsible for the protestant conversion of	switzerland
the diet of worms was	imperial council that ordered martin luther to recant and condemned him when he refused
the peace of augsburg	permitted only the ruler of each state in the empire to choose between lutheranism and catholicism
All are not created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation; and, accordingly, as each has been created for one or the other of these ends, we say that he has been predestined to life or death.	john calvin
most important reason for the popularity of lutheranism among the northern german princes was that it	attacked the idea of divinely established papal authority
martin luther rejected	financial payment for the remission of sins
not a cause of the protestant reformation	reform decrees of the council of trent
the brethren of common life represent	an example of pre-reformation popular piety
wycliffe and huss appealed to the superiority of	the bible
calvin insisted upon strict observance of moral laws because	moral behavior was an outward sign that the person was probably of the elect
german peasants were attracted to luther’s ideas chiefly because they	believed he supported their freedom from serfdom
luther believed women should	rule to household
result of the protestant reformation of the 16c was the	establishment of state churches in england, scotland, and northern germany
calvinism was a theocractic religion because	it permitted only members of its church to hold political office
official creed of lutheranism is in	the augsburg confession
popular lay movements that most directly assailed the late medieval church were the	lollards and hussites
principal reason for the sale of indulgences by the roman catholic church was the	desire to complete the building of the new st peters in rome
protestant reformation	encouraged the movement for popular education
the printing press helped the reformation succeed for all the following reasons except	the printing press helped the reformation succeed for all the following reasons except
the council of trent was important because it	reaffirmed the traditional doctrines of the catholic church
the reformation in germany resulted in	political fragmentation
the english reformatoin was peculiar because the government broke with rome	when there was no theological dispute between the king and the pope
englands break with the roman church became official with the passage of the	act of supremacy
martin luther intended his 95 theses to	initiate a debate on the buying and selling of indulgences
the reformation influenced the development of the modern world primarily by	providing some justification for the challenging the absolute authority of kings
the weber thesis attempted to explain the connections between the rise of calvinism and the rise of	capitalism
in geneva the calvinists	imposed strict penalties for blasphemy and immoral behavior
the elizabethan settlement	established the church of england
who supported martin luther	prince frederick III - elector of saxony
pope paul III did all except	reconcile catholicism with protestantism at the imperial diet of regensburg
the religious order became the tool of the papacy in their crusade against the spread of protestantism	the society of jesus (jesuits)
the first european country to enter into direct trade with the far east and establish colonies there was	portugal
the spanish empire in america was characterized by	the introduction of a manorial like system, the encomienda
who benefited from the inflation of the sixteenth century	merchants
why did the english, dutch, and french governments fail to begin colonization of the americas and direct trade with the orient until more than 100 years after columbus discovered america	domestic troubles and religious controversies delayed organized action
spains expansion in the americas was made particularly easy by	the impact of imported diseases on the indian population
the treaty of tordesillas gave portugal the eastern trade route to the indies as well as brazil lands to the west of brazil were given to	spain
technological innovations in maritime technology by the 1500s were important because	the made it possible for europeans to sail anywhere
by the 16th century the center of commercial activity had shifted from the mediterranean to the	atlantic ocean
encomiendas in the spanish new world were	grants permitting owners to take income or labor from land and its inhabitants
scarcity of labor in the americas led the spanish and portugese colonizers	import slaves from africa
the mediterranean carrying trade in the 14c and 15c was in the hands of	venice
portugese exploration of the african coast was inspired and supported by	prince henry the navigator
the major cause of the growing weakness of spain and portugal after 1600 was	failure to find productive investments with profits from the new world colonies
all of the following helped cause the age of european exploration	technological advances making long sea voyages possible, the desire to spread christianity, european demand for eastern spices, ottoman expansion threatening access to the goods of the east
in 1571 spanish and turkish control of the mediterranean at the battle of	lepanto
which best explains the decline of spanish power in the 17c	foolish monarchs and an uncertain flow of treasure from the new world
why did the initiative in early conquest and exploration pass to northern european nations in the later 16c	the dutch and british improved the design of oceanic vessels producing faster ships than their catholic rivals
at its height the spanish empire of phillip II included all except	bohemia
for england, the primary result of the 16c wars with spain was that it	assured her national independence and promoted an intense national spirit
phillip II strengthened the spanish inquistion in the netherlands because	he wanted to find and punish dutch protestants
elizabeth I major goal in foreign policy was to	avoid open wafare whenever possible and keep england strong and at peace
the spanish term reconquista refers to which of the following	the defeat of the islamic states on the iberian peninsula
machiavelli’s the price was significant because it	became the bible for 20c dictators,, it was one of the first reality-based treatises on political behavior, it was written with the goal of unifying italy, it was based primarily on empirical observation
after the united provinces of the netherlands won independence from spain, their government could best be described as	a weak union of strong provinces
the greatest cause of warfare between 1550 and 1650 was	religious rivalries
all of the following were accomplishments of the tudor monarchy	getting the most funds from their not very extensive inheritance, putting an end to dynastic instability, transforming england into a protestant union, creation of a new level peerage as a fund raising tool
machiavelli would’ve like a guy who	manipulate the people and use any means to gain power
which was a foregin policy initiative of phillip II of spain	an attempt to invade england, an attempt to influence the succession of the french throne, an attempt to return lutheran areas of north germany to the catholic fold, an attempt to combat the work of calvinist in the netherlands
the HRE was a weak title because	it was an elected monarchy
it was an elected monarchy	obtaining from the papacy the right to make major ecclesiastical appointments in spain
elizabeth I religious policy	policy of moderation and compromise
catholicism was recognized as the official religion of france but limited toleration was extended to calvinists by the	edict of nantes
the religious climate of france prior to the french wars of religion was best characterized by	a nobility that was nearly 50% hugenots
the remark attributed to the french king, henry IV, that paris is worth a mass, is usually interpreted to mean that	put political necessities above personal beliefs
in 16 and 17c europe, the member of a community most likely to be accused of witchcraft was	an elderly, widowed woman
in the late 1620s and early 1630s, king gustavus adolphus of sweden played a key role in european affairs by	leading a protestant coalition against catholic europe
the peace of westphalia	weakened the HRE
the st bartholomew’s day massacre	decimated the ranks of protestant leadership but failed to suppress the anti catholic movement in europe
the thirty years war became primarily a political conflict during the	swedish french phase
which reflects the state of europe in 1648	the northwest of europe was predominantly protestant while the south was mostly catholic
consequences of 30 years war	settlement of the religous wars between catholics and protestants in germany, depopulation and economic stagnation of central europe, predominance of france, decrease in power of the holy roman emperors
the churches view of witchcraft was that	witches must be put to death for the good of society, but they might achieve salvation if they recanted before execution
the rebellions that swept through europe during the time of the 30 years war indirectly resulted in	an increase in the power of the european monarchies
the spanish armada was to	replace queen elizabeth with a catholic monarch
the malleus maleficarum	standard handbook on witches
following the 30 years war, what country became dominant in europe	france
the 16c religious wars that had plagued france were largely ended with the	edict of nantes
which of the following is true of the dutch revolt	william of orange led it, dutch flooded their own lands to hamper the spanish, the war was both a political and religious struggle, the southern provinces pledged loyalty to spain in exchange for compromises on certain issues
louis did not support	cooperation with the estates general
the corvee	was involuntary forced labor imposed on french peasants
thomas hobbes believed	the power of the ruler was absolute but derived from an implicit contract with the governed
peter the greats europeanization of russia consisted primarily of	importing western technocrats and technology to his country
between the 16c and 17c, peasants in poland, bohemia, hungary and russia	were granted democratic control over village life
the guiding force behind cardinal richelieu’s domestic policies was	the subordination of all groups and institutions to the monarchy
in what ways was political life in the netherlands unique in europe in the 17c and 18c	the netherlands was a republic with a decentralized government
a significant feature of english society in the 16c and 17c was the	growing wealth of the country gentry and middle class businessmen
colbert’s contributions to the economy of france included all of the following except	creating a national bank
the overall practical purpose of the court of versailles was to	exclude the high nobility and royal princes from real power
during the english revolution, the levellers advocated the idea that	all men should have the vote regardless of whether they own property
the cabinet system in england is based upon the view that government leadership must	be elected to and supported by a majority of parliament
jacques bousset was the seventeenth century’s most articulate	advocate of the absolute, divinely ordained right of kings
who exerted the most influece on italy in the 18th c	austrians
the war of spanish succession began when charles II of spain left his territories to	the french heir
ivan III was responsible for	military campaigns that freed much of russia from the mongols
which of the following was the most significant factor in the rise of national states in western europe	the rise and support of the middle class
the siege of vienna in 1683 was undertaken by	the turks
peter the greats reforms included	requiring the russian nobility to wear western clothing and speaking french at court
during the 16c the main reason for the increase in power of the englosh monarch was the	ability of the tudor monarchs
in 1640 charles I called parliament into session because he	needed money to suppress a rebellion in scotland
in the 18c, the principal economic activity of the netherlands was	banking and finace
although different in their sources of power, the governments of 18c great Britain and France had which of the following characteristics in common	both nations had a small elite landowning aristocrats who were considered the natural ruling class with power and influence in the government
an immediate effect of the glorious revolution in england was	the supremacy of parliament over the monarchy
john locke - tabula rasa	the blank slate that is the human mind at birth
hobbes and locke disagreed over the theory that	the only alternative to social chaos is absolute monarchy
the pragmatic sanction stated that the hapsburg possessions	could never be divided
the ptolematic conception of the universe was also known as	the geocentric theory
tycho brahe	recorded astronomical data from the observatory he built in denmark
sir francis bacon’s contribution to philsophy, novum organum was based upon	glorifying inductive reasoning
newtons mathematical discoveries included	calculus, a mathematical means of measuring rates of change
causes of scientific revolution	improvements in scientific instruments, contributions of medieval universities, the recovery of classical scholarship during the renaissance, the challenges of navigation during long sea voyages
which of the following statements most accurately reflects the attitude of the states of europe toward the new science	both england and france established royal societies of learned scientists to meet together to discuss their discoveries
galileo’s ideas on motion included	galileo’s ideas on motion included
the scientific revolution	challenged the idea that women were inferior to men
scientific revolution challenged christianity because	it undermined the literal interpretation of the bible
as a result of the scientific theories developed through the 16c and 17c, europeans developed a conception of the universe	as governed by natural laws
spinoza differed with all other philsophers of his day about the	divinity of the material universe
galileo is credited with what important scientific discovery	all objects fall with equal acceleration, not velocity
descrates idea was that the world consists of two fundamental entities or substances, which we can call	physical and spiritual
medieval science was primarily based on	blending of christain theology and the writings of classical authors
in de humani corporis fabrica andrea versalius	created modern anatomy text
the newtonian scientific model of the universe is	mechanistic and predictable
scientific revolution and deism radically transformed western thinking by	introducing the idea of secular progress
what was the purpose of the english navigation acts	to require colonial goods to be shipped to england in english ships
a most signifcant result of the 7 years war was	loss of the french empire in america
all of the following are true of 18c british mercantilism	staple crop production in america, trade between britain and the colonies be carried in british or american ships, no importation of certain items from non-british sources into the colonies, items imported into the colonies be shipped through britain
the economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements	a government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports
which of the following statements concerning late 18c farming is most accurate	market agriculture was gradually replacing subsistence agriculture in most parts of europe
from the European perspective, the principal outcome of the seven years war was the	subsequent struggle between prussia and austria for hegemony in central europe
which resulted from british mercantilist policies	decline of dutch shipping and commerce
the economic policy laissez faire	contends that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own economic interests
english south sea bubble crisis of the early 18c involved	the economic collapse of a governmental monopoly and a speculative scheme
which of the nations acquired territory in asia in the 18c through the initiative of agents working for joint stock companies	great britain and netherlands
which applies to the early development of industrialization in europe	a period of proto industrialization during the 1600s and 1700s preceded the industrial revolution
which of the following is characteristic of 18c economic change	the increase in both population and food supply
india eventually came under the control of the british crown because of	the financial and administrative successes of the british east india company
jethro tull’s discoveries were part of a general movement to	apply the principles of scientific experiment to agricultural practices
the agricultural improvements of the mid 18c were based on the elimination of	the open field system
adam smith economic theory advocated	the governments avoid regulation in favor of the operation of individual initiative and market forces
proto industrialization refers to	the employment of laborers who worked at home but in a capitalist system dependent on urban merchants
what was the nature of trade between eastern and western europe in the 17c and early 18c	western europe imported grain in increasing amounts from eastern europe in return for art objects and manufactured goods
adam smith phrase invisible hand referred to which of the following	the automatic mechanism of a free economy
rousseau’s conception of the general will meant	a vague common interest but not necessarily majority rule
voltaire’s famous polemic slogan, crush the infamous thing referred to	religious bigotry as support by an organized clergy
in general the 18c philosophes were	popularizers of scientific and intellectual discoveries of the 17c
the best government said which of the following men is achieved by the separation of powers	montesqieu
both Montesquieu and voltaire	admired english institutions
which of the following was not a principle of deism	science proves that god does not exist
thinkers of the enlightenment considered humanity as	a link in the rationality ordered chain of beings
enlightenment philosophes argued that women	and men were different and operated in seperate spheres
maria theresa can be labeled an enlightened despot because she	introduced many legal reforms in the habsburg empire
david hume argued that human beings	did not have any certain knowledge at birth
for rousseau, what was the main source of inequality and the chief cause of crime	private property
the most important contribution catherine the great made early in her reign was the	establishment of a legislative commission to review the laws of russia
all of the following considered major factors that fostered the ideals of the enlightenment except	the colonial worldview
many 18c philosophes believed that governmental reform would be accomplished by	benevolent absolutist monarchs
the ideas of the enlightenment challenged the long term assumptions about sovereignty and instead proposed that	governments are bound to the will of the people
which of the following cannot be said of the 18c enlightenment	it reflected acceptance of social inequities and injustices as inevitable effects of the natural law
the enlightenment	was based upon the assumption that science and reason can explain all things
the recognized capital of the enlightenment was	paris
rousseau’s most important concept in the social contract was that	government must be based on voluntary participation by citizens, not simply by the accident of history or inheritance
recent scholarship suggests that the enlightened despots of europe	were affected little by enlightenment ideas
18c british nobility differed from 18c french nobility in that	the english aristocracy accepted the social and political responsibilities of their position and participated more directly in running their government
in the 18c, europe’s largest city was	london
peasant life in 18c europe was characterized by	vulnerability to rising taxes and rents
the artistic movement that replaced the baroque during the enlightenment was	rococo
in 18c england, the greatest threat to the economic security of small farmers was	the enclosure movement
economic and social life among the mass of people under the acien regime of the 18c still primarily focused around	the harvest
the european lower classes reacted to the enlightenment by	seeking comfort in grass-roots religious revival movements
which of the following statements best describes the attitude toward children in the first part of the 18c	they were ignored, often brutalized, and often unloved
who were the first to initiate a political campaign to abolish slavery	quakers and baptists
which of the following statements best applies to europes social order in the 18c	peasants were still hindered by a variety of feudal services and fees imposed by the powerful aristocracy
european efforts to deal with crime after 1700	employed public displays of punishment for the purpose of deterrence
during the ancien regime, european jews	were seperated from non-jews in districts called ghettos
recent challenges to the traditional exploration of the origins of the french revolution have centered on the fact that the	nobility and upper bourgeoisie were not necessarily pitted against each other
the principal french tax, the taille was paid by	the peasantry almost exclusively
an english statesman whose criticism of the french revolution and other writings have earned him a reputation as a spokesman for conservatism was	edmund burke
all of the following are accurate statements about the french revolution except	the revolution failed to end the legal inequities between the classes
during the era of the french revolution, the thermidorean reaction	terminated the reign of terror and led to the execution of robespierre
during the reign of terror, the committee of public safety sought to do all of the following except	establish a separation between state and religion
the legislators of the french revolution enacted all of the following measures that affected women except a law	granting the right to vote women who owned a sufficient amount of property
which of the following was a result of the civil constitution of the clergy	the church was made a department of the french state
the national assemblys efforts to reorganize the catholic church resulted in	deep division within both the country and the clergy
the new republican calendar of 1793	was part of an effort at dechristianization
the declaration of the rights of man and citizen guaranteed	security of property
the cahiers de doleances of 1789 generally demanded	government reforms
the greatest number of victims under “the terror” (1793-1794) were from which social group	peasants
which of the following was responsible for the convening of the estates general in 1789	the french governments near bankruptcy
the french national assembly was established by	the middle class of the third estate
the seizure of the bastille of july 14, 1789 was important because it	represented a successful attack on the tyranny of the old regime
the assignats of the french revolutionary era were	paper currency backed by church lands
for french peasants the revolution of 1789 meant	greater landownership
abbie sieyes answer to the question what is the third estate was	the most useful component of french society
the term great fear refers to	panic in the countryside that fanned the flames of rebellion
the men elected to represent the third estate in the estates general were primarily	lawyers and government officials
written in the midst of the french revolution, the 1793 constitution	reflected the vision of rousseau’s social contract
the committee of public safety was established to	combat the dual threat of internal rebellion/counter-revolutionaries and foreign invasion
louis xvi responded to the tennis court oath by	declaring the actions of the third estate illegal
which of the following groups in france were most opposed to the civil constitution of the clergy	peasants
letters de cachet were a means by which the french king could	imprison anyone without benefit of a trial
the poltical views of girondists were	more moderate than the view of other jacobins
according to the rules of the french constitution of 1791, “active citizens” were defined as	men who paid annual taxes equal to three days of labor wages
all of the following were reforms passed by the french national assembly in reaction to earlier abuses	confiscation of church property, limitations on the power of the monarchy, revocation of special privileges of the nobility, ended papal authority over french clergy
the conservative government that came to power after the Thermidorian reaction	restored social stability without sacrificing the ideals of 1789
as first consul, napoleon combined what he conceived to be the best of the revolution and of the old regime, this led to all of following reforms	careers in government service were determined by talent not pedigree, the creation of the bank of france, the codification of french law, the establishment of a solid currency and public credit
napoleons concordat with the papacy contained all but one of the following provisions	lands confiscated and sold during the revolution were to be returned to the church
the most persistent opponent of napoleon and the french republic was	great britain
under the napoleonic code, workers received	no specific rights or guarantees
all of the following are true about the napoleonic era except	despite the fact that all the other european great powers, england, prussia, austria, and russia were allied against him from 1799 onwards, napoleon managed to defeat them until 1812
a lasting effect of the napoleonic occupation of europe was the	stimulation of national feeling in the subject lands
which of the following was achieved during the regime of napoleon bonaparte	he codified the laws of france in his famous civil code, womens legal position was weakened with the activation of the civil code, he arranged a concordat with the catholic church, he created a powerful centralized bureaucracy
although the french revolution had abolished slavery, napoleon	decided to reinstate it and ordered the invasion of haiti and capture of toussaint-louverture
napoleon was seen by some as an heir of the revolution because of his	commitment to equality of oppritunity
napoleon’s purpose in instituting the continental system was to	defeat england through economic war
in general napoleon championed	equality under the law but not political freedom
why is it significant that napoleon crowned himself as emperor of the first french empire in 1804	napoleons invasion of spain
the quadruple alliance included all of the following european powers except	italy
napoleon	joined the jacobins shortly after the french revolution
napoleon’s conquest of spain doomed its american empire by	allowing the colonies to govern themselves for six years.
How did Napoleon deal with the Holy Roman Empire?:	he replaced the empire with the Confederation of the Rhine.
after the french revolution and the napoleonic era, france	was divided into departments rather than provinces
Which country was NOT ruled by a member of the Bonaparte family during the first decade of the 19c	prussia
Industrialization in England resulted in all of the following EXCEPT?	the elimination of social distinctions between the middle and working class.
The British Ten Hours Act mainly concerned?	the labor of women and children in British factores.
A major cause of the Industrial Revolution was the?	increase in population.
Government policy was an important part of early industrialization for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?	social welfare programs for workers
According the the Classical Economists’ “Iron Law of Wages”	if a worker received more than a subsistence wage, he/she would breed more children who would eat up the surplus
Which of the following was the major purpose of the Corn Laws in Britain in the early 1800s	to protect the interests of British grain producers
One reason why the factory system replaced the domestic system in England was that	neither water power nor steam power could be used efficiently in the home
The Industrial Revolution in Britain was in a large part inspired by	entrepreneuers who sought and accepted new manufacturing methods and inventions
Which of the following is TRUE of changes in the standard of living in the first half of the 19c	there is not complete agreement on this question among historians, the middle and upper classes made spectacular advances, while real wages were higher than before, few workers were permanently employed, some skilled workers were noticeably better off
The Industrial Revolution began in England for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?	she was an island nation safe from invasion.
The Luddites?:	physically attacked machines they believed adversely affected their livelihood
The conclusions of Malthus and Ricardo relative to economic affairs suggested that	liberals were right to reject government interference in economic affairs because it could do no good.
Robert Owen’s only success was the?	organization of consumers’ cooperatives
The Enclosure Movement in England had all but which one of the following features	wool production declined as food crops became more profitable
In England, the Factory Act of 1833 clearly?	limited the hours of work for children under thirteen years of age
The New Poor Law did which of the following?	established unpleasant workhouses in the hopes that only the truly needy would seek public assistance.
Classical liberals supported all of the following EXCEPT	universal male suffrage
During the century following 1832, the MAIN objective of the Reform Acts passed by the British Parliament was the	extension of suffrage
The group that gained most political power as a result of the Reform Bill of 1832 was the	middle-class people of the towns
Despite little immediate success with their reform demands, the Chartists saw all but which one of these demands passed into law	holding of annual elections for members of Parliament
Urbanization and industrialization in 19c Europe	created new social classes, increased class conflict, changed family life, influenced the creation of the realist school of art and writing

Created by: maddiemcclure11

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