Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Peds final
final book stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| body functions | Physiological functions of body systems (including psychological) |
| body structures | Anatomical parts of the body, such as organs, limbs and their components |
| impairments | Problems in body function or structure, such as a significant deviation or loss |
| activity | Execution of a task or an action by an individual |
| participation | Involvement in a life situation |
| activity limitations | Difficulties an individual may have in executing activities |
| participation restrictions | Problems in and individual may experience in involvement in life situations |
| environmental factors | Make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives |
| what problems can result from W sitting | tight IR and stretched ER, toe and plantar flex problems, subluxation, and hip dislocations |
| how DF does a child need to stand | 90 degrees |
| signs of atypical development | Engage in less varied play, have more quiet interactions, slower temp, prefer indoors instead of outdoors, play with adults more than children |
| possible indications of atypical development at 1 month | Feeding problems, lack of leg mvmnt, stuck in hyperextension, extremely floppy |
| possible indications of atypical development at 4 months | Maintaining rigid postures, inability to alternated between flex/ext, consistent asymmetrical postures, inability to achieve midline orientation of head/extremities, lack of reaching behaviors; Quiet, unresponsive |
| possible indications of atypical development at 6 months | Over active hip ext, ADD, IR, ankle PF; Lack of a wide variety of mvmnt, inability to laterally flex in prone or sidelying or bring feet mouth in supine, inability to roll, rolling using ext, poor upper extremity WB in prone, inability to maintain propped |
| possible indications of atypical development at 9 months | Inability to moved forward in prone, get in or out of sitting or stand with support, use of a bunny hopping patter in creeping or lack of a controlled release of a cube; Little or no babbling |
| possible indications of atypical development at 12 months | imbalance of mm activation, restriction or excessive ROM or strong asymmetrical postures; not walking with support with good weight shift, not climbing, lack of inferior pincer grasp, or stereotyped hand movements restricting function; no words by age 12- |
| possible indications of atypical development at 15 months | not attempting to walk independently, walking on toes with adducted legs, lack of a fine pincer grasp, or lack of controlled release of a pellet into a container, comprehension problems, limited social interaction or social avoidance, ritualistic h=behavi |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | muscle composition abnormalities, progressive degeneration of mm fibers and variation in fiber size, connective tissue and adipose deposits |
| what causes DMD | X linked recessive trait, Defect on the Xp21 portion of chromosome |
| body structure and function impairments from DMD | Progressive mm weakness; proximal>distal PF, hip flex, and ITB contractures; Progressive scoliosis |
| Potential Activity Limitations and participation Restriction from DMD | motor skill regression, loss of ambulation, fatal in young adulthood |
| cerebral palsy | Motor disability related to early damage of the brain in areas controlling motor behaviors |
| what causes cerebral palsy | Early brain damage occurring in utero or during or shortly after birth |
| impairment in body function and structures from CP | mm weakness, dysfunction in motor recruitment, decreased balance and endurance, dysfunction in integration of proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular input, possible intellectual impairments |
| Potential activity limitations and participation restrictions from CP | Difficulty w/ ADLs (dressing grooming eating mobility), Delay of developmental milestones, Decreased walking long distanced, Decreased activity tolerance like running, Decreased ability to maintain sustained active play w/ peers or family, Decreased parti |
| potential orthopedic management for CP | surgical intervention, Botox injections or oral medication to improve alignment, posture and reduce spasticity |
| potential nutritional management for CP | use of gastric tube if necessary |
| PT interventions/goals for CP | improve posture, alignment, ROM, strength, activity, and participation, family education |
| most common disability in children | CP |
| how early can CP be diagnosed? | 12 weeks |
| CP is primarily a ___ condition | neurologic, also has orthopedic impairmetns |
| children with CP are more likely to develop what curvature of the spine? | scoliosis and kyphosis |
| children with CP have decreased spinal ___ which leads to ____ movement and atypical postures for prolonged periods, resulting in spinal deformity | stability, decreased |
| contributing factors to spinal deformity in children with CP | spinal instability, mm imbalances and atypical mm pull, leg length inequality |
| what hip hypertonicity is often seen in children with CP? | hip flex, add, and IR |
| what does hip hypertonicity in CP lead to? | atypical posture, bone alignment and ROM limitations. |
| what motions are limited in CP hip? | extension, abduction and ER |
| pelvic obliquity in CP is most often associated with ... | leg length discrepancy |
| posterior pelvic tilt is caused by | hamstring tightness |
| anterior pelvic tilt is caused by | hip flexor tightness |
| why are children with CP at greater risk for subluxation/dislocation of hip? | typically shallow acetabulum at birth and WB helps form, but CP have motor delays and acetabulum can stay shallow |
| why do children W sit | to reduce pull on HS, anteverted hips, limited hip ER |
| children with CP have reduced ___ at the ankle | DF, due to short gastroc |
| ____ contractures can make it difficult to fit a child with orthoses | PF |
| inability to maintain a stable foot contributes to ____ in children with CP | equinovalgus/flat foot (due to breakdown of longitudinal arch) |
| posture of young children with CP | Stand on toes w/ knees ext. hip add and IR, pelvis in ant. Tilt |
| posture of older children with CP | Crouched posture or ankle DF and knee flex, hip remain add, flex, and IR |
| sitting posture with CP (long sitting) | Long sit almost impossible because of HS tightness, if attempted Knees flex, pelvis post tilt, lumbar thoracic kyphosis, neck ext |
| GMFCS | Gross Motor Function Classification System |
| level 1 GMFCS for CP | walks without limitations, Perform gross motor skills (running, jumping) but speed, balance and coordination are limited. Participate in physical activities and sports if they want |
| level 2 GMFCS for CP | walks with limitations, Walks in most settings. Difficulty walking long distance and balancing uneven terrain. Walks up and down stairs with railing or assistance. Walks with assistance outdoors. Minimal ability to perform gross motor skills (running, jum |
| level 3 GMFCS for CP | walks using and hand-held device indoors. May need seatbelt when sitting. Sit>stand requires assistance. Uses wheeled mobility to travel long distances. Walk up and down stairs with railing. Adaptive sports |
| level 4 GMFCS for CP | Self-mobility w limitations: may use power mobility in most settings. Requires daptive seating. Uses floor mobility (roll, creep or crawl), walk short distances with AD. Adaptive sports |
| level 5 GMFCS for CP | transported in manual WC. Requires assistance of powered mobility in most settings. Adaptive seating. Use floor mobility, walk short distances with AD. Transported in manual WC at school, outdoors or in community. Adaptive sports |
| down syndrome | Genetic disorder where majority of individual have an extra 21st chromosome, most common chromosomal abnormality |
| What causes down syndrome? | Nondisjunction of two homologous chromosomes during first or second meiotic division |
| impairment in body function and structures with down syndrome | Generalized low mm tone, Mm weakness Slow postural reactions, Joint laxity, Intellectual impairments |
| Potential activity limitations and participation restrictions with down syndrome | Delay of developmental milestones, Decreased ability to maintain sustained active play w peers or family, Decreased participation in organized sports and active reaction activities |
| potential surgical management for down syndrome | Surgery to correct any congenital heart defects |
| PT goals/interventions for down syndrome | initially focuses on attainment of developmental milestones, family ed related to developmental activities, motor learning principles of changing environment; Lifelong focus on fitness |
| comorbidities seen with down syndrome | respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, renal, sensory, GI, hematological, immunological, neurological, orthopedic, and genitourinary |
| what % of down syndrome pts have congenital heart defect? | 40-60 |
| most common orthopedic problem with down syndrome | flexible flat foot or pes planus |
| hip dysplasia and down syndrome | may be present at birth or develop with age |
| what can hip dysplasia lead to? | ligamentous laxity and limp, chronic patellar dislocation, pes planus and ankle pronation |
| Atlantoaxial instability | enlarged space between the first and second vertebrae |
| how common is Atlantoaxial instability with down syndrome? | 15% of all individuals affected |
| problems caused by atlantoaxial instability | excessive motion of atlas on axis = SC compression |
| when should people with down syndrome be checked for atlantoaxial instability? | if they are going to be in high impact sports, initial radiographs taken at 3-5 yrs |
| precautions for atlantoaxial instability | avoid exercises that place excessive pressure on the head and neck (tumbling and excess neck flexion or extension) |
| autism spectrum disorders | developmental disorders that affect verbal and nonverbal communication, social interaction |
| when is ASD typically evident | before 3 yrs |
| adverse effects of ASD | affects child's educational performance |
| characteristics associated with ASD | engagement in repetitive activities, stereotypes movements, resistance to environmental change or change in routine, unusual responses to sensory experiences |
| cause of ASD | multifactorial, strong genetic component, infectious disease and toxic insult may play role |
| alterations in body functions and structures with ASD | failure of lang and cog development, possible intellectual impaired, abnormal responses to sensory stim, apraxia, restricted repetitive behaviors, impaired motor imitation and coordination, decreased mm tone, poor eye contact |
| potential activity limitations and restrictions for ASD | difficult interpersonal relationships, decreased capacity for social relationships, delay of developmental milestones, decreased ability to maintain active play, decreased walking distance, decreased participation in sports |
| potential management for ASD | behavoir therapy with positive and negative reinforcement, sensory integration, social skill interventions, consistency and structure, |
| PT goals/interventions for ASD | focus on improving motor planning and sensory integration during gross motor acts, family support and ed |
| signs that warrant immediate eval for ASD | - No babbling or gesturing by 12 months of age - Inability to speak one word by 16 months of age - Inability to combine two words by 2 years of age - Any loss of language or social skills |
| developmental coordination disorder (DCD) | Motor skills disorder with 'marked impairment in motor coordination, Frequently occurs with learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders |
| when is DCD often diagnosed? | around 5 years old when coordinated gross and fine motor movements are more complex and correlated with function |
| typical presentation of child with DCD | incoordination of complex movements, decreased fine and gross motor skills (handwriting, tying shoes, dressing catching, jumping, sports), decreased strength, visual-perceptual issues (slow reaction time, poor timing and force control) |
| 3 tasks that will be have delayed aqcuisition in DCD | 1. fine motor sequencing tasks (handwriting, tying shoes) 2. complex coordination tasks (skipping, performing two different motor tasks in close succession) 3. learning new tasks that require integration of sensory input and motor planning (climbing) |
| what does DCD interfere with? | interfering with academic achievement or activities of daily living |
| what is not a cause of DCD | Not caused by a general medical condition or pervasive developmental disorder |
| what causes DCD | unclear; however, problems may occur with the final 'wiring' during the neural migration and organization of CNS during last trimester of pregnancy. May be accentuated by other environmental issues |
| alterations in body functions and structures with DCD | Decreased mm tone Mm weakness, Motor incoordination, particularly hands |
| potential activity limitations and participation restrictions with DCD | difficulty with handwriting, dressing, grooming and eating. Decreased participation in organized sports and recreation activities |
| potential management for DCD | Task-specific intervention, Perceptual motor training, sensory integration training, cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance |
| myelomeningocele | Sac containing spinal fluid, meninges and neural tissue protrudes thru a posterior opening of spinal vertebra |
| cause of myelomeningocele | Exact cause unknown; a combo of genetics and environment may contribute, Appears to be a relationship between inadequate vitamin folic acid intake and neural tube defects |
| alteration in body function and structures with myelomeningocele | Diminished or absent trunk/LE sensation, Decreased or absent trunk/LE strength, Impaired bowel and bladder control, Changes in posture and alignment, Decreased balance, Possible poor motor control |
| potential activity limitations and participation restrictions from myelomeningocele | decreased mobility and transfers, decreased walking long distances, decreased activity tolerance, decreased ability to maintain sustained active play, decreased participation in sports |
| initial medical management following birth for myelomeningocele | closure of neural sac followed by observation and assessment of hydrocephalus w/ implantation of VP shunt if appropriate |
| what is necessary for children with myelomeningocele as they grow? | bowel and bladder program |
| PT goals/interventions for myelomeningocele | focus on strengthening innervated mm, teaching compensatory patterns of mvmnt, functional exercise and e-stim, and providing the child w/ AD for mobility, Preventing secondary complications including contractures, scoliosis and pressure ulcers, fitness an |
| children with MM have mixture of ____ and ___ dysfunction | lower motor neuron, brain |
| hydrocephalus | an excessive accumulation of fluid dilating the cerebral ventricles after the primary spinal site is closed |
| what % of children with myelodysplasia develop hydrocephalus? | 51-60% |
| how is hydrocephalus managed? | surgical placement of VP shunt |
| signs of VP shunt malfunction in children | headache, irritability, fever unrelated to illness, nausea, increased spasticity in innervated mm, problems with vision, problems with speech, increased difficulty with postural control, decreased school performance, decreased consciousness |
Created by:
bdavis53102
Popular Physical Therapy sets