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Midterm
Government Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1st | the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and the right to petition government. |
| 2nd | the right to bear arms. |
| 3rd | prohibits the quartering of soldiers in homes in peacetime. |
| 4th | no unreasonable searches and seizures. |
| 5th | no self-incrimination. |
| 6th | the right to a speedy trial. |
| 7th | the right to jury trial in civil suits involving $20 or more. |
| 8th | no excessive bail or fines or cruel or unusual punishment. |
| 9th | any rights not listed belong to the people. |
| 10th | any other rights not listed belong to the states. |
| 11th | set limits on when a state can be sued. |
| 12th | electors must specifically name who they want to be president and vice president. |
| 13th | freed slaves everywhere in the united states that made slavery illegal. |
| 14th | equal protection under law (due process). |
| 15th | guaranteed that the right to vote could not be denied based on race, color, or previous conditions of servitude. |
| 16th | gives the federal government the power to collect income tax. |
| 17th | allows voters to cast direct votes for U.S. senators. |
| 18th | prohibition. |
| 19th | granted women the right to vote. |
| 20th | changed the date that the president, vice president, and members of congress start to january, and it says who becomes president if the president cannot start serving immediately (Lame Duck Amendment). |
| 21st | prohibition end. |
| 22nd | prevents a president from serving more than two terms or more than ten years. |
| 23rd | district of columbia extended voting. |
| 24th | outlaws poll tax. |
| 25th | provides the procedures for replacing the president or vice president in the event of death, removal, resignation, or incapacitation. |
| 26th | extended the right to vote to all americans aged 18 and older by lowering the federal voting age from 21. |
| 27th | prevents members of congress from granting themselves pay raises during the current session. |
| murray vs. curlett | sought to prohibit bible reading in the baltimore public schools as an unconstitutional activity. |
| marbury vs. madison | established the principle of judicial review. |
| schenck vs. us | upheld the constitutionality of the espionage act. |
| missouri vs. holland | the court upheld the exercise of the migratory bird treaty act and found no violation of the 10th amendment. |
| brown vs. board of education | the court decided that state laws requiring separate but equal schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. |
| dred scott vs. sanford | ruled that slaves are property, and can not be taken without due process. also determines that african americans had no right to sue in a federal court. |
| plessy vs. ferguson | established separate but equal. |
| mcculloch vs. maryland | established implied powers and federal supremacy. necessary and proper clause. |
| miranda vs. arizona | established that individuals must be read their 5th and 6th amendment rights upon arrest. |
| school district of abington (pa) vs. schemp | declared that school-sponsored bible reading in public schools in the united states was unconstitutional. |
| mapp vs. ohio | us supreme court ruled that under the 4th and 14th constitutional amendments, illegally seized evidence could not be used in a state criminal trial. |
| west virginia state board of education vs. barnette | students may not be required to salute the american flag or recite the pledge of allegiance at public schools if it is contrary to their religious beliefs. |
| west coast hotel vs. parrish | the court held that the establishment of minimum wages for women was constitutional. |
| baker vs. carr | held that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a state's drawing of electoral boundaries, i.e., redistricting, violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment of the constitution. |
| president | serves two 4 year terms, must be 35+, can serve as a convicted felon, must have lived in the us for 14 years. |
| vice president | unlimited terms, must be 35+, must have lived in the us for 14 years. |
| us senator | serves unlimited 6 year terms, must be 30+. must have lived in the us for 9 years. |
| us congress | must be 25+, must have lived in the us for 7 years. |
| house of representatives | serves unlimited 2 year terms, must be 25+, must have lived in the us for 7 years. |
| legislative branch | creates or makes laws, article I of the constitution, power to declare war, power to override a veto with a 2/3 vote, power to approve of federal appointments - like supreme court justices, power to create a federal budget, 435 members. |
| judicial branch | interpret laws, power to declare laws or actions by the government unconstitutional, article III of the constitution, serve for life, 9 Justices, power to sentence or decide the punishment for lawbreakers, power to settle disputes between states. |
| executive branch | enforces or carries out laws, article II of the constitution, power to veto a bill sent to it by congress, power to appoint federal judges, power to lead the armed forces during a war, represents our nation in the world. |
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