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Govt. Exam 4
Covers Congress, Presidency, and the Federal Courts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bicameral Legislature | A legislative body composed of two chambers, or houses (HoR, Senate). |
| Unicameral Legislature | Legislative body composed of only one chamber |
| Number of Senators | 100 |
| Number of Members in House of Representatives | 435 |
| Selection of Senators prior to the Seventeenth Amendment | selected by legislation |
| Branch that is least popular | Judicial |
| Majority/Minority Party Whip | Designated to round up party members for voting or quorums, and can stand in for one if they are absent (sometimes) |
| Speaker of the House | The chief presiding officer of the HoR. Currently Nancy Pelosi |
| Qualifications to be Senator | 30, citizen for 9 years, resident of the state they represent |
| Qualifications to be a House of Reps. Member | 25, citizen for 7 years, resident of the state they represent |
| Rule 22 | or “nuclear option” overrides the cloture rule on a filibuster by a 2/3 vote (51 senators) |
| Filibuster | A tactic used in the senate in which members can talk about a bill forever until the majority backs off the legislation. Must have 3/5 senators agree to end the filibuster. |
| Number of Senators it takes to cut off debate | 60 (3/5) |
| Number of House of Representatives members it takes to cut off debate | 261 (3/5) |
| Pork-Barrel Legislation | Tactic that members of Congress use to get more money for projects for their home state. |
| Trustee Representation | Representation tactic where the official makes decisions based on what they think is correct whether or not it lines up with what the constituents want. |
| Delegate Representation | Representation tactic where the official makes decisions solely based on what their constituency wants. |
| Constituency | The people of a district that a government official represents. |
| Primary Elections | For electing congress representatives |
| Article I | Establishes legislative branch |
| Article I, Section 8 | Lists congress’s powers like declaring war, tax and excise, overriding a veto |
| Incumbency Advantage | The likely chance that the incumbent will win reelection based on recognition and past work. Politicians only want to be reelected |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Allowed President Johnson to take whatever means necessary to stop communist Vietnam from spreading. |
| War Powers Act | Says that the president needs congressional authorization unless already under attack. |
| Prime Minister | Head of an elected government |
| Difference between Prime Minister and President | Prime minister is the head of a republic, president is the head of a constitutionally bound government. |
| President who served more than two terms | FDR |
| Years when the House of Representatives selected the president | 1800, 1822? |
| Article II | Establishes Executive branch |
| Twenty-Second Amendment | Limits the presidential term to only 2 years. |
| Requirements to become President | 35, US resident for 14 years, be a natural born citizen. |
| # of Electoral Votes to become President | 270 |
| Bully Pulpit | A “terrific platform from which to advocate an agenda” that presidents can use to speak about issues and persuade congress. |
| Rally Around the Flag | A sudden increase in public approval of the president that occurs in response to dramatic events. Ex. 9/11. |
| Least Dangerous Branch | Judicial |
| Supreme Court | 9 justices, no restrictions on size, little to no information in the constitution, John Roberts, Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, Amy Barrett, Ketanji Jackson. |
| Judicial Restraint | Strict interpretation of the constitution (if it’s not written, it’s not there) |
| Judicial Review | The power of the courts to determine whether the actions of the president, Congress, and the state legislatures are consistent with the constitution. |
| Judicial Activism | Consider the broader social implication (“well, it’s 2022…”) |
| Precedent | Principles set in a previous case, used as the basis for a decision in a current case |
| Number of Chief Justices, total | 17 |
| Current Chief Justice | John Roberts |
| How many members of the Supreme Court have there been?: | 121 |
| Dissenting Opinion | Justices in disagreement with the majority write a dissent about why they disagree and set a rationale for future cases. |
| Concurring Opinion | One or more justices agree with the majority but state a different reason for their decision. |
| Majority Opinion | 5-9 justices explain their reasoning/interpretation of the case and its constitutional correctness |
| Amicus Curiae | An individual or group that is not a party to a lawsuit but has a strong interest in influencing the outcome. |
| FDR’s -Packing Plan | For every justice over 70, he could appoint more up to 6 |
| Article III | Establishes Judicial branch |
| Article III, Section III | Treason |
| Size of the Supreme Court | There is no size limit in the Constitution |
| Federalist #78 and the Supreme Court | Hamilton said that the Judicial branch is “the least dangerous branch,” today it is the most powerful. |
Created by:
oliviabengtson
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