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UNIT 1
Government Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anarchy | a state without government and laws |
| Government | an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control |
| Nation | a group of people united by bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion |
| State | a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority |
| Country | a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government |
| Sovereignty | the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries |
| Divine Right | the idea that people are chosen by a god or gods to rule |
| Social Contract | theory that by contract, people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order and the state, in turn, agrees to protect its citizens |
| unitary system | A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government |
| confederacy | A loose union of independent states |
| constitutional government | a government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern |
| Authoritarian | controlling all aspects of citizens' economic, political, and social lives |
| Totalitarian | a system of government in which the government has total control |
| Dictatorship | a system of government in which power is in the hands of one person who has total control |
| Oligarchy | a system of government in which a small group holds power |
| monarchy | a system of government in which a king, queen, or emperor exercises supreme powers of government |
| Democracy | government in which the people rule |
| Republic | a government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise that power. |
| Economics | The study of how people and nations use limited resources to attempt to satisfy wants and needs |
| Capitalism | an economic system in which a private citizens own and use the factors of production in order to generate profits. |
| Free Market | An economic system in which buyers and sellers make free choices in the marketplace. |
| Free Enterprise | the opportunity to control one's own economic decisions |
| Laissez-faire | Philosophy that government should keep its hands off of the economy |
| mixed economy | economic system that combines elements of capitalism and socialism; in a mixed economy, the government regulates private enterprise |
| socialism | economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as healthcare and welfare |
| Democratic socialist | a socialist who is committed to democracy but wants government involvement in the distribution of wealth |
| Bourgeoisie | capitalists who own the means of production |
| Proletariat | workers who produce the goods |
| Communism | an economic system in which the factors of production are collectively owned and the central government directs all major economic decisions. |
| Federalists | Wanted a constitution |
| Anti- Federalists | Thought the constitution was too strong, until a Bill of Rights was added to protect the citizens of the nation |
| Virginia Plan | plan of government that favored the more populated states, set up 3 branches of government, |
| New Jersey Plan | plan of government that smaller states favored, since all states no matter what their population, were equally represented in a one house congress. |
| Articles of Confederation | the first national government of the United States of America. Had little power, couldn't enforce laws, had one branch of government and all states were equal. |
| Royal Colonies | colonies were set up and controlled by the king. |
| Proprietary Colonies | colonies were set up and run by wealthy land owners. |
| Charter Colonies | colonies were self governed and given to people that the king favored. |
| 3/5 Compromise | Determined that slaves were to be counted as 60% of a person; key when it came to the number of representatives each state received |
| James Madison | Considered the "father" of the Constitution- main writer. |
| Ratify | To pass |
| 1788 | Year the constitution was ratified. Washington becomes Pres, Adams VP, New York City is named the capital |
Created by:
KOSKINEN425
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