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connective tissues are the most abundant tissue type by
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cells are farther apart than _______ cells by connective tissues
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anatomy part 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| connective tissues are the most abundant tissue type by | weight |
| cells are farther apart than _______ cells by connective tissues | epithelial |
| connective tissues contain abundant extracellular matrix between cells, consisting of | protein fibers and a ground substance |
| consistency of connective tissue varies from | fluid to solid |
| categories of connective tissue: | connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissues |
| most connective tissues have _____________, so are well-nourished | good blood supply |
| most cells in connective tissue have the ability to | divide |
| connective tissues contain ________, which remain in one place, and ________, such as macrophages, which move throughout tissues | fixed cells; wandering cells |
| connective tissues bind structures together and provide | support and protection |
| most common fixed cell, large star-shaped cell, secrete fibers into extracellular matrix | fibroblasts |
| usually attached to fibers, but can detach and wonder, conduct phagocytosis, and defend against infections | macrophages |
| which of the common cell types of connective tissue ingests foreign particles | macrophages |
| large cells, widely distributed, release heparin to prevent blood clotting, and release histamine, which causes inflammatory response | mast cells |
| fibroblasts produce ______ in connective tissue | 3 types of fibers |
| thick threads of collagen, the body's main structural protein, great tensile strength and flexible----slightly elastic, found in ligaments and tendons | collagen fibers |
| composed of elastin protein; branching, can stretch and return to original shape, not as strong as collagen fibers, found in vocal cords, respiratory air passages | elastic (yellow) fibers |
| thin, branching fibers of collagen, form delicate supporting networks, and found in the spleen and liver | reticular fibers |
| connective tissue proper has two major categories: | loose and dense connective tissues |
| fewer collagen fibers than dense tissues types: areolar, adipose, reticular | loose connective tissues |
| contain abundant collagen fibers dense regular, dense irregular, elastic | dense connective tissue |
| specialized connective tissues include: | cartilage, bone, and blood |
| forms thin, delicate membranes, cells are mainly fibroblasts, in a gel-like ground substance, collagenous and elastic fibers, in subcutaneous layer, beneath most epithelia, where it nourishes nearby epithelial cells | areolar |
| adipocytes store fat; push their nuclei to one side; crowd out other cell types; cushions and insulates; beneath skin (subcutaneous layer), behind eyeballs, around heart and kidneys, in spaces between muscles | adipose tissue (fat) |
| composed of network of thin reticular fibers; supports wall of internal organs; walls of liver, spleen | reticular connective tissue |
| closely packed connective tissues; fine network of elastic fibers; most cells are fibroblasts; very strong, withstands pulling; binds body parts together; tendons, ligaments, dermis; poor blood supply, slow to heal | dense regular connective tissue |
| randomly organized, thick, interwoven collagenous fibers; can withstand tension exerted from different directions; dermis of skin; around skeletal muscles | dense irregular connective tissue |
| abundant yellow elastic fibers, and some collagenous fibers; fibroblasts; attachment between bones of spinal column; walls of hollow organs, such as large arteries, airways; parts of heart; elastic quality, stretches | elastic connective tissue |
| which of the following types of connective tissue consists of abundant collagen fibers oriented in one direction? | dense regular connective tissue |
| a rigid, specialized connective tissue and provides support, framework, attachments | cartilage |
| protection of underlying tissue, models for developing bone, matrix contains collagen in gel-like ground substance | cartilage |
| (cartilage cells) in lacunae (chambers), surrounded by matrix that is in cartilage | chondrocytes |
| lacks blood supply; heals slowly and is covered by _______ (connective tissue), which provides some nutrients to the cartilage | perichondrium |
| 3 types of cartilage: | hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage |
| cartilage takes ______ to heal than bones because bones have a good blood supply | longer |
| most common type of cartilage; fine collage fibers in matrix; ends of bones in joints, nose, respiratory passages, embryonic skeleton | hyaline |
| flexible, due to elastic fibers in matrix; external ear, larynx | elastic |
| very tough, due to many collagen fibers; shock absorber; intervertebral discs, pads (menisci) of knee, and pelvic girdle | fibrocartilage |
| which type of cartilage can be found between the vertebrae? | fibrocartilage |
| most rigid connective tissue; solid matrix, composed of mineral (Ca) salts and collagen, supports structures and protects vital structures | bones (osseous tissue) |
| produces blood cells, stores and releases Ca, P; attachment sites for muscles; forms skeleton | bones |
| bones contain _____ (bone cells) in lacunae | osteocytes |
| two types of bones: | compact and spongy |
| osteoblasts deposit in matrix in lamellae (layers); lamellae occur in rings around central canals | compact bone |
| in a compact bone, osteocytes + matrix + central canal form cylindrical units called | osteons |
| osteocytes send out processes into ________, and share blood supply in a compact bone | canaliculi |
| are cemented together to form compact bone | osteons |
| central canals contain blood vessels; bone is well-nourished, heals more quickly than cartilage | osteons |
| makes up interior part of the bone; consists of bony plates containing osteocytes, with space between them for marrow | spongy bone |
| spongy bone is _____ in weight than compact bone | lighter |
| blood is formed elements (cells and fragments) suspended in fluid matrix called _____ | plasma |
| transport gases | red blood cells |
| defend against infection | white blood cells |
| help in blood clotting | platelets |
| transports substances throughout the body | blood |
| are sheets of cells | membranes |
| are composed of epithelial and connective tissue, cover body surfaces and lines cavities | epithelial membranes |
| line body cavities that do not open to outside of the body; inner linings of thorax and abdomen and covers organs; simple squamous epithelium + areolar connective tissue | serous membranes |
| serous membranes secrete serous fluid for _______, reducing friction | lubrication |
| line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body; lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts; epithelium + areolar connective tissue; goblet cells secrete mucus | mucous membranes |
| covers body surface, commonly called skin, part of integumentary system | cutaneous membranes |
| different from epithelial membranes, composed entirely of connective tissue, and lines joint cavities | synovial membranes |
| excitable, responds to nervous stimulation; are also called muscle fibers; contractile, can shorten and thicken | muscle tissues |
| 3 types of muscle tissues: | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
| attached to bones, striated, voluntary; long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells; stimulated by nerve cells | skeletal muscle |
| non-striated, spindle-shaped fibers, much shorter than skeletal muscle, walls of hollow organs and blood vessels, involuntary | smooth muscle tissue |
| only in the wall of the heart, branching cells, involuntary, striated, intercalated discs, specialized intercellular junctions | cardiac muscle tissue |
| what percentage of body weight is represented by skeletal muscle? | 40% |
| found in brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves | nervous tissues |
| main cells, which are specialized for communication, via conduction of nerve impulses (sensory reception, motor control) | neurons |
| two main cell types of nervous tissues: | neurons and neuroglia |
| coordinate, integrate, and regular body functions; composed of cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon | neurons |
| cells that support and nourish neurons; growth factors, nutrition, structural support | neuroglia |
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faithodom04