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Government
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did the first legislative body meet? | 1619 |
| What was the first legislative body? | The house of burgesses |
| Why did the revolutionary war start? | The king added taxes to the ones we already had in America |
| What are the three documents that influenced our government? | 1. Magna Carta 2. The Engliosh Petition of Right 3. The English Bill of Rights |
| What are the three concepts of the Magna Carta? | 1.) Concept of a trial by jury 2.)Due Process 3.)Idea of eminent domain |
| Dictatorship in the world today (country) | North Korea |
| He is the father of Laissez Faire/capitalism | Adam Smith |
| "The right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins" | Oliver Holmes |
| "Government of the people, by the people, for the people..." | Abraham Lincoln |
| State of Nature Life would be "solitary brutish and short..." | Thomas Hobbes |
| "That government which governs is best which governs least" | Thomas Jefferson |
| Religion was the "opiate of the people" | Karl Marx |
| Presidential Government example | United States |
| Origins of democracy are here | Greece |
| Socialist Country Example | Sweden |
| Unitary Government example | Great Britain |
| Government Takeover (term) | Nationalism |
| Communist Country example | China |
| "Man is by nature a political animal" | Aristotle |
| Led the soviet union to communism | Lenin |
| List the five principles of democracy | 1.) A faith in majority rule but insistence upon minority rights 2.) The necessity of compromise 3.)The respect for equality of all people 4.) A recognition of fundamental worth and dignity of every person |
| List the four theories of communism | 1.)Labor Theory of Value 2.)Communist Theory of History 3.)Dictatorship of the Proletariat 4.)Nature of the State |
| What is an autocracy | One person has unlimited political power |
| Who aided Marx in his writings | Fredrick Engels |
| In a parliamentary government the prime minister is chosen from... | Parliment |
| It can be said the United States has this type of democracy today | A representative democracy |
| The economic theory which means government should stay out of business | Laissez Fare |
| Power is divided between central and state governments (term) | Federal Government |
| Who turned the US towards a mixed economy | FDR |
| Define Socialism | An economic system where the government owns and is in charge of the major instruments of day to day life |
| An economic system in which government owns all | Communism |
| How is medical care paid for in a socialist country | People's taxes |
| In a presidential government the president comes from... | Outside of the legislature |
| Published in 1848, it concerned theories of communism | The Communist Manifesto |
| We have the two types of Equality today | 1.) Equal opportunity 2.)Equal before the law |
| Communist term for workers | Proletariat |
| Population, territory, government, and ...? | Sovereignty |
| Published by Smith in 1776 | "The Wealth of Nations" |
| What is the theory concerning the origin of the state which most relates to our country. | social contract |
| What is the term for absence of government? | Anarchy |
| Articles of Confederation didn't have... | National Military, national currency, no national court system, no power to tax, no federal bank, no executive (president), no independent police force |
| Articles of Confederation could... | Declare war (but no army), make peace agreements and treaties, regulate trade with other nations but not with states, could acquire land but had no money so had to borrow from all 13 states |
| When did the Potomac River and Kent Island hiccup happen? | 1785 |
| What was so valuable on Kent Island? | It was valuable oyster grounds (medicine etc.) |
| Why was there a dispute over Kent island between Maryland and Virginia? | Each state thought they owned their land and the river up to the other state line. |
| What and where was the conference held between Virginia and Maryland? | Alexandria (Alexandria Conference) |
| Who lives near the Alexandria Conference and invites them to his home? | George Washington |
| What is the name of George Washington's home? | Mount Vernon |
| What does George Washington tell the representatives of Virginia and Maryland? | He told them that it wasn't a problem between Maryland and Virginia and that it was an articles problem. |
| Maryland drafted a letter to meet where to revise the articles? (the central part of the US at the time) | Annapolis Maryland |
| What year did 5/8 states meet to revise the Articles of Confederation? (in Maryland) | 1786 |
| Who proposed to meet in Philadelphia instead? | Alexander Hamilton |
| What happened in Massachusetts in 1786? | Shay's Rebellion |
| What was Shay's Rebellion? | Shay's rebellion occurred when Daniel Shay, a farmer who had gone through bad crop seasons and drought in Massachusetts, couldn't pay his taxes so he took the tax collector and tied him up in his barn. Other people then followed his example. |
| Why wasn't Shay's Rebellion stopped? | Massachusetts had no military militia so they had to ask to borrow other state's militias. |
| "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing, it is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government." | Thomas Jefferson |
| Everyone except which state shows up to Philadelphia? | Rhode Island |
| Why didn't Rhode Island show up to Philadelphia? | Any changes to the Articles of Confederation would take power away from them. |
| Virginia sent seven delegates to the meeting in Philadelphia. Who were the seven men? | 1.)George Washington 2.)George Mason 3.)George Wythe 4.)James Madison 5.)James McClurg 6.)Edmund Randolph (governor of Virginia, Peyton's cousin)7.)John Blair (judge of Virginia's highest court) |
| Three men who did not go to Philadelphia from Virginia. | 1.) Thomas Jefferson (ambassador of France) 2.) Richard Henry Lee (he and Randolph don't get along) 3.)Patrick Henry (didn't want to attend) |
| What was created after the 1st Continental Congress? | The 2nd Continental Congress |
| President of the Continental Congress, Peyton Randolph, died of a stroke and then got replaced by who? | John Hancock |
| When John Hancock replaced Peyton Randolph, who stepped in as Virginia's delegate? (Late May 1776) | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who drafted the declaration of Independence? and who did he plagerize | Thomas Jefferson and John Locke |
| What was one of the four revisions to the Declaration of Independence? | "Life, Liberty, and Property" Franklin changed it to "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" |
| What day was the Declaration adopted? | July 4th, 1776 |
| Who signed the Declaration first? and why? | John Hancock, he was the President of the Continental Congress and the cousin of the king |
| When was the Declaration signed? | Over the summer, especially August |
| What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence? | To say why we needed to separate from England |
| When the British went home after the war what was our government? | The Continental Congress |
| Who drafted the Virginia Declaration of Independence? | George Mason |
| What was the second document George Mason drafted? | The Virginia Bill of Rights |
| What did the Virginia Bill of Rights do? | Protects the people against the government |
| Why does the continental congress meet after the war ended? | To form a national government |
| What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation? | They were too weak because America couldn't make a government as strong as England's was. |
| What was created in the Articles of Confederation? | A legislative/law making body, each state could send 5-7 representatives but each state still only had one vote each |
| How many votes were needed to pass a law? | 9/13 |
| How many votes were needed to amend? | 13 |
| Ben Franklin's occupation | A printer |
| Who proposed the Albany Plan of Union | Ben Franklin |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? | The Albany Plan of Union was the idea that all 13 colonies should form an alliance to fight the French |
| Why didn't the Albany Plan of Union work? | No one wanted to give up freedom because they could never get it back |
| Who was sent from Virginia to warn the French to go back to "Canada"? | George Washington |
| What goods were the French interested in? | Animal furs |
| Who did the French trade the animal furs with? | Native Americans |
| How old was Washington when he got his mission to warn the French? | 21 |
| What occupation made Washington perfect for the mission? | Land Surveyor |
| Even though the French general read the letter Washington brought and laughed at it, what made Washington's mission successful? | He saw a perfect place to build a fort between three rivers |
| After getting money from the governor of Dinwiddie, Washington goes back to the Ohio Valley to build the fort. Why doesn't this plan work? | The French had already built a fort there, Fort Ducan |
| George Washington retreats several miles back and builds "Fort Necessity". What goers wrong? When? | On July 4th the French came and Washington had nothing to defend with (his gunpowder got rained on) and was outnumbered . |
| After the event at Fort Necessity, the governor writes to the King and asks him to "send help" the King responded and what began? | The French and Indian War |
| Who won the French and Indian War? | America and England |
| What year was the treaty signed after the French and Indian War? | 1763 |
| Who was on the throne after the French and Indian war? | George III |
| England didn't have money after the French and Indian War so George III created this--- | The Proclamation of 1763 |
| What did The Proclamation of 1763 state? | 1.)"no English person could live West of the Appalachia (where the French land was)" 2.)keep 10,000 soldiers in America for protection 3.) The quartering act (to offset the cost of sending soldiers for protection 460,000 pounds) |
| What did the quartering act do | This act required a British household to house a British soldier in their home if told |
| Along with the quartering act, what act was also created by King George III? | The sugar act: sugar, molasses, sugar, rum, and whiskey |
| Who was one of the best smugglers in the black market? | John Hancock |
| What act was passed by England that was required on all legal documents, playing cards, and dice? | The Stamp Act |
| Why was the Stamp Act a problem for Americans? What did Virginians do? | Because they were being double taxed. Virginians boycotted the stamp act |
| Explain why the court case----"The Parson's Cause"----was brought into being | People of Hanover county were taken to court by a preacher/parson who claimed the people broke the law because they had been paying him and past preachers in tobacco instead of silver and gold. |
| Who defended the people during the court case, The Parson's Cause? | 29 year old, Patrick Henry |
| Who won the case "The Parson's Cause"? | Patrick Henry defending the people (churchgoers) |
| When did Patrick Henry show up at the House of Burgesses in Williamsburg? | May 20th, 1765 |
| How many House of Burgesses's were there? | 119 |
| Who was the speaker of the House of Burgesses? | Peyton Randolph |
| Where did Peyton Randolph live | Williamsburg |
| What was Patrick Henry very famous for introducing on May 29th 1765? | The Stamp Act Resolves |
| How many resolutions were in the Stamp Act resolves? | 7 |
| What was one of the Stamp Act resolves? | Only Virginia could tax Virginians and could decide how they were paid |
| Who was the young 15 year old redhead that listened outside of the window of the House of Burgesses to Patrick Henry and said, "He seemed to me to speak how Homer wrote"? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Where did the seven colonies who attended the Stamp Act Congress meet? | New York |
| What did the Stamp Act Congress decide the colonies would do in order to remove the Stamp Act? | boycott all British goods that were mentioned under the Stamp Act |
| What organization was formed by Samuel Adams after the Stamp Act Congress? | The Sons of Liberty |
| What was the original purpose of the Sons of Liberty? | To make sure shop owners honored the boycott. (destruction if not followed) |
| Why did the American stamp act boycott eventually hurt England and result in success? | Boycotting the goods hurt British merchants, the merchants were the ones responsible for electing Parliament, so, the merchants told parliament if they wanted to be re-elected to repeal the stamp act. |
| What year was the stamp act repealed? | 1766 |
| In 1767 there was a new Prime Minister of England. What was his name? | Charles Townsend |
| What was Charles Townsend's tax called? | The Townsend duties |
| What goods was the Townsend duties placed on? | Lead, gas, paper, colors of paint, and tea |
| When did Parliament repeal the Townsend duties? | 1769 (but they left the tea tax) |
| What book/pamphlet did Samuel Adams write in the 1760s? | "The Journal of Times" |
| What was included in Samuel Adams's "The Journal of Times" | Exaggerated stories of how British officers tortured people in the colonies. ex. Boy playing in street, soldier slingshot contest, one hits between the boy''s eyes and causes an aneurysm and death |
| What was the name of John Hancock's smuggling boat | The Liberty |
| What happened on March 5th, 1770 | The Boston Massacre |
| What was the Boston Massacre? | 5 youths were killed after curfew. Boys threw a snowball and Captain Thomas Preston yelled "ow", the soldiers thought he said "fire" and shot and killed the boys |
| Who defended the soldiers of the Boston Massacre from manslaughter? | John Adams and his father |
| What was the outcome of the Boston Massacre trial? | All of the soldiers were found not guilty except for Captain Thomas Preston who was branded "M" on his palm for manslaughter. |
| What was the next major event that happened by the Sons of Liberty on December 16th 1773? | The Boston Tea Party |
| What was the Boston Tea party? | 5,000 members of the Sons of Liberty in a meeting in Old South church decided they wanted action instead of meetings so they marched to the docks and threw 330 chests of East India Company tea overboard and then celebrated |
| In response to the Boston Tea Party, the royal governor decides to... | Increase the quartering act from one soldier to four soldiers and to put them under Marshall Law (military). The king sends 10,000 soldiers (a sign to come) |
| What did the King sending over 10,000 troops cause on July 1st, 1774? | The First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia |
| Who was the first president (Virginian) of the 1st Continental Congress? | Peyton Randolph |
| What document did the 1st Continental Congress draft to send to the King? | "The Olive Branch and Sword Petition" |
| What did the Olive Branch and Sword Petition say? | Return America's conditions back to the way they were in 1763 |
| What three things did the 1st Continental Congress do to prepare for war? | 1.) put Washington in charge of the Continental Army 2.)Form and pay the continental army 3.) Formed a committee to write a declaration: Ben F. in charge, VP. John Adams, Roger Sherman (3rd), Robert Livingston (4th), (5th but not yet) Thomas Jefferson |
| "These colonies are of right, out to be free, and independent states" | Richard Henry Lee |
| When did our first legislative body meet? | 1619 |
| What was the first legislative body called? | The House of Burgesses |
| Three documents that influenced our government: | 1.) Magna Carta 2.)The English Petition of Right 3.) The English Bill of Rights |
| Magna Carta 1215 King John I 4 concepts= | 1.) Concept of trial by jury 2.) Due Process 3.)Idea of Eminent Domain 4.)The King is not above the law |
| Why was the concept of trail by jury so important? | Justice in the hands of the people instead of just the King |
| Due Process (5th and 14th Amendments) | Says that your life, liberty, and property can not be removed without a procedure (court hearing) |
| Idea of Eminent Domain | You can not take private property without equal compensation |
| The English Petition of Right (1628) Charles I: 4 concepts: | 1.) Writ of Habeas Corpus 2.)Ex post facto 3.Bill of Attainder 4.)Can be no standing armies during peacetime (no Marshall law) |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | Cannot have or hold a body (cannot arrest someone without a charge) |
| Ex post facto | "after the fact" cannot pass a law after the fact then apply to your case |
| Bill of Attainder | A legislative act that punishes without a trial |
| The English Bill of Rights-1689-William and Mary 20 rights were listed and 7 pertain to our government (what are the seven) | 1.)No cruel or unusual punishment 2.)No excessive bail 3.)free speech in parliament/legislature 4.)right to petition the government 5.)no unreasonable search and seizures 6.)right of the militia to bear arms 7.)freedom of religion |
| 3 types of colonies that existed | Charter, Royal, Proprietary (given to a person to rule as they saw fit) |
| What are the three basic economic systems in the world? | 1.) capitalism 2.)socialism 3.)communism |
| What book was capitalism based on? Written in 1776 (Adam Smith) | "The Wealth of Nations" |
| What are the four key concepts of democracy? | 1.) private ownership 2.)individual initiative 3.)profit 4.)competition |
| What economic phrase means the government stays out of the economy? | Laissez Fare "Let It Be" |
| What are the three exceptions to Laissez Fare? | 1.)The police and courts are maintained 2.)essential nonprofit businesses 3.)military |
| Mixed economy | Capitalism combined with and supported by government regulations |
| Nationalization | Government takeover. When the government takes over a business. |
| What is the most common economic system? | Socialism |
| What is socialism? | An economic system where the government owns and is in charge of the major instruments of day to day life. |
| What is communism? | An extreme form of socialism and the government owns everything. |
| What book is communism based on? | The Communist Manifesto |
| Who wrote the communist manifesto? | Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels |
| What country was the first to practice communism? | Russia |
| Who founded communism and who continued it? | Lenin and Stalin |
| What are the six purposes of government? | 1.)To form a more perfect union 2.)establish justice 3.)ensure domestic tranquility 4.)provide for the common defense 5.)promote the general welfare 6.)secure the blessings of liberty |
| "The God who gave us life gave us liberty at the same time" | Thomas Jefferson |
| Three ways government are classified | 1.)geographic distribution of government power within the state 2.)relationship between the legislative and executive branches 3.)the number of people who can participate in the government |
| A Confederation | a loose alliance of independent states where the central government is very weak and has limited power ex.The European Union |
| Federal Government | Power is divided between central and state governments |
| Unitary Government | All governmental power is held by a centralized government ex. England's Monarchy |
| Parliamentary Form | The executive and legislature are together |
| What are the two types of democracy? | A direct/pure democracy and a representative democracy |
| Direct/Pure Democracy | Every person participates in the government |
| Representative Democracy | elect people to speak on behalf of citizens (US) |
| Republic | a government in which voters (electorates) have the power |
| 4 levels of Dictatorship | 1.) autocracy 2.)oligarchy 3.)totalitarian 4.)dictatorship |
| Autocracy | One person holds unlimited political power but doesn't hold military power |
| Oligarchy | A government in which the power to rule is held by a family |
| Totalitarian | one person has unlimited control |
| Dictatorship | a person or small group has absolute authority over the people |
| Government | An institution through which society makes and enforces public policies |
| Public Policies | Taxes, education, defense, working conditions, environmental concerns, and healthcare |
| Power | The ability to command or prevent action or achieve a desired end |
| 3 basic powers of government | Legislative, Executive, and Judicial |
| Legislative | the power to make laws |
| Executive | the power to enforce/execute the law |
| Judicial | the power to interpret the law |
| Politics | The process of compromising to reach a desired end |
| State | a body of people living in a defined territory that is organized politically and has a government |
| 4 elements that make up a state | Population, Territory, Government, and Sovereignty |
| Sovereignty | having supreme and absolute power within your territory |
| Most populated state | China |
| Least populated state and smallest territory | Vatican City |
| Largest Territory | Russia |
| How did the state come to be? 4 theories | 1.) the caveman/force theory 2.)the evolutionary theory 3.)divine right theory 4.)social contract theory |
| 1.) the caveman/force theory | One group/one person forced other to live in a defined territory |
| 2.)the evolutionary theory | Small group and then population grew and evolved over time |
| 3.)divine right theory | "godly" "something you can do" God chose a specific group to rule. Japan believed this until 1945 |
| 4.)social contract theory | You as an individual agree with government--binding agreement between you and another party |
| 3 major philosophers (state of nature) | Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jaques Rousseau, and John Locke |
| State of Nature | "dreamlike world"-One has absolute freedom with no government (no rules)-you give up your freedom in exchange for protection by the government=social contract |
| "Without government there would be constant fear of danger and violent death and life would be solitary, nasty, brutish, and short" | Thomas Hobbes |
| Lack of Government | Anarchy |
| "a threat to justice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere" | MLK |
| 1.) 12/13 states met to revise the articles in ----? How did they do this? | Secret--They painted the windows black and nailed the shutters shut |
| 2.) Who did the 12/13 states put in charge of their meeting? | George Washington |
| 3.) what else did the 12/13 states do? | Hire a secretary |
| Who was the governor of Virginia and what did he propose at the Constitutional Convention? | Edmund Randolph--The Virginia Plan |
| Who wrote the Virginia Plan? | James Madison |
| What was the Virginia Plan's nickname? | "The Large State Plan" |
| What did the Virginia Plan create? | A bicameral system (a legislature); created an executive branch (a council of revision); created the judicial branch (created a national court) |
| What two things make up the bicameral government? | The Senate and House of Representatives |
| Which is the upper house and which is the lower house in the two houses of legislature? | The upper house=the Senate and the lower house=the house of representatives |
| What was the senate designed after? | The Roman Senate |
| What was the House of representatives designed after? | Designed after the house of commons |
| Who would senators be chosen by under the Virginia Plan? | State legislature |
| Who would the house representatives be chosen by under the Virginia Plan? | Based on two factors: population of state and amount of money you give the federal government |
| What executive branch did the Virginia Plan propose? |
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bugsyb63
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