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IMC512 Renal

Flashcards 5: Osmolality

QuestionAnswerAdditional information
Under what condition is free water clearance decreased? Dehydration A decrease in free water clearance is enabled by the action of ADH on the collecting duct
How does the nephron achieve a decrease in free water clearance? By reabsorbing salt There is no mechanism for tubular secretion of water.
In the absence of ADH, which of the following segment has the greatest water permeability: proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, or collecting duct? Proximal Tubule
In addition to NaCl, which other substance is responsible for creating the driving force that draws water from the tubule fluid? Urea
What is the purpose of the countercurrent multiplier system? To generate a strong cortical to medullary salt gradient. The more salt deposited deep in the medulla, the greater water reabsorbing potential.
What are three stimuli for ADH release? [1] An increase in plasma osmolality, [2] Decrease in ECFV, and [3] AngII
What is the mechanism of action of the diuretic conivaptan? ADH-receptor antagonist Prevents ADH from increasing tubular water permeability.
What causes diuresis with diabetes mellitus? Glucose that cannot be reabsorbed raises tubule fluid osmolality and lowers the osmotic driving force for water reabsorption. Non-metabolizable sugars such as mannitol also act as osmotic diuretics.
Created by: IMC512
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