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AH M4L1 Key Terms

American History Module 4 Lesson 1 Key Terms

TermDefinition
Transcontinental Railroad A train route built from 1862-1869 that connected the United States’ eastern and western coasts and made western settlement easier for pioneers.
Homestead Act Turned over 160-acre parcels of land in the west that were in the “public domain” to private citizens.
Exoduster Black settlers in the west that were former slaves.
Morrill Act Provided grants of land to states in order to help finance colleges that specialized in “agriculture and mechanical arts.”
Steel Plow A farming tool used to break up tough soil.
Mechanical Reaper A farming tool used to harvest crops mechanically.
Cotton Gin A machine that changed the production of cotton by removing the seeds from the cotton fiber.
Rainfall Follows the Plow Misinformation that by cultivating the soil, this would allow more rainfall to be absorbed into the soil, which would then evaporate into the atmosphere and in turn cause rain.
Comstock Lode The first major silver and gold deposit discovered in US history. It was found by Henry Comstock in 1859 in Nevada.
Long Drive Cattlemen brought free roaming cattle from areas like Texas to railroad stations to be shipped to urban areas for sale.
Assimilation The official policy of the American government aimed at destroying American Indian culture and getting American Indians to participate in the western economic marketplace and cultural norms.
Sand Creek Massacre A massacre of 230 Cheyenne and Arapoho people led by Colonel Chivington in 1864 on American Indian land during peace talks that caused distrust from American Indian tribes moving forward and fueled other conflicts.
Fetterman's Massacre An ambush in 1866 led by Crazy Horse on American troops which lured Lieutenant Colonel William Fetterman and his soldiers into a trap killing 81 troopers.
Ghost Dance Involved revitalizing American Indian culture and promoting ideas of the returning of the dead (hence, “ghost”), outing white settlers, and restoring American Indian lands, foods, supplies, and way of life with both music and dance which would bring about visions and healing.
Lieutenant Colonel George Custer A commander for the union during the American Civil war and a commander for the US army in the American Indian wars.
Sitting Bull A Teton Dakota Native American Chief who united the Sioux tribes against white settlers taking their land.
Battle of Little Bighorn A battle between American troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Custer and American Indian warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in which Custer confronted the American Indians, but was quickly overwhelmed and defeated with his 200 men dying with him.
Chief Joseph A leader of the Nez Perce tribe with initially strong relations with the United States which ended when his tribe was forced to leave tribal lands and some of his tribesmen retaliated against US troops. Chief Joseph was able to outmaneuver US troops for 1000 miles, with the loss of 200 of his men, and negotiate a safe return to reservation land.
Dawes Severalty Act Allowed the US government to break up US tribal lands with the goal of assimilating Native Americans into US culture by encouraging them to farm individual plots of land.
Geronimo An Apache leader who was known for his resistance to the removal of his people from their tribal lands and frequent escape from captivity. The last American Indian Chief to formally surrender to the US army.
Wounded Knee Massacre In 1890, US army troops slaughtered approximately 150-300 Lakota Indians near Wounded Knee Creek in southwestern South Dakota. It ended resistance to reservation life and assimilation to white American culture.
Created by: dmcsorley13
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