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Stack #3748137
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The years from 2 to 6 are often called “the __________ years.” | play |
| Which of the following children is the most likely to get his or her permanent teeth first? | Brooke, an obese girl |
| By age 4, | many parts of the cerebral cortex have overproduced synapses. |
| With the transition to early childhood, many children | become unpredictable, picky eaters. |
| Which of the following statements about childhood diseases is true? | Childhood diseases occur earlier in developing countries than in industrialized countries. |
| Agata suffered from persistent diarrhea in early childhood. As a result, during her school years, Agata is probably __________ than her agemates who were not stricken with persistent diarrhea. | shorter in height |
| Developmental impairments and deaths due to diarrhea can be prevented with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), which consists of | a solution of glucose, salt, and water. |
| __________ are strongly associated with childhood injury. | Poverty, single parenthood, and low parental education |
| As children’s bodies become more streamlined and less top-heavy, | balance improves greatly. |
| Perhaps the most complex self-help skill of early childhood is | shoe tying |
| Which of the following statements about sex differences in motor skills in early childhood is true? | Girls are ahead of boys in fine-motor skills. |
| Preschoolers who __________ are seen as more socially competent by their teachers. | spend more time at sociodramatic play |
| Four-year-old Jasmine is shown two identical tall glasses of water and agrees that they contain the same amount of liquid. When the liquid is poured into a short, wide container, she says that there is more water in the shorter container because it is “al | conservation |
| In Yvonne’s preschool classroom, children of varying abilities work in groups, teaching and helping one another. This classroom emphasizes the Vygotskian principle of | peer collaboration. |
| Eighteen-month-old Gabriella witnesses her mother finding a Duplo block in its labeled canister. When her mother isn’t looking, Gabriella watches as her father moves the block to an unmarked canister. When her mother again searches for the block in the or | false beliefs. |
| Children with autism | have narrow and overly intense interests. |
| Pramada attends a child-care program that stresses formal academic training. As a result, Pramada is more likely to __________ than peers who attend a child-centered program. | display a decrease in motivation and emotional well-being |
| Dan and Steven are considering getting their 4-year-old son a computer. Which of the following statements can you share with them to best help them understand the value of computers in early childhood? | Combining everyday and computer experiences with math manipulatives is especially effective in promoting math concepts and skills. |
| Erikson described early childhood as | a period of “vigorous unfolding.” |
| Adults can avoid promoting self-defeating reactions in children by | adjusting their expectations to children’s capacities. |
| Which of the following statements is supported by research on emotional understanding? | Preschoolers who are securely attached to their mothers better understand emotion than preschoolers who are insecurely attached. |
| Four-year-old Tristan experiences negative emotion intensely. He is more likely than other children to | react with anger or aggression when he is frustrated. |
| An important motivator of prosocial behavior is | empathy |
| Which of the following statements about peer sociability is true? | It is the type, not the amount, of solitary and parallel play that changes in early childhood. |
| Larissa, age 3, often plays alone. Her parents should be concerned if she | engages in functional play involving repetitive motor action. |
| Frank, a kindergartener, says that Pat is his best friend on days they get along. But when a dispute arises, he reverses himself: “Pat is not my friend!” Frank’s parents should | be aware that first friendships do not have a long-term, enduring quality based on mutual trust. |
| Which of the following is an example of a direct parental influence on children’s peer sociability? | Maxine arranges for her 4-year-old to play with his friend at the park. |
| Most theories of moral development agree that at first, a child’s morality is | externally controlled by adults. |
| According to Freud, children | obey the superego to avoid guilt. |
| Maureen and Chris, the parents of an impulsive preschooler, can foster conscience development by | combining firm correction with induction |
| One valid criticism of youth sports is that | they overemphasize competition and substitute adult control for children’s natural experimentation with rules and strategies. |
| Although 8-year-old Claire can easily arrange sticks of differing lengths from shortest to tallest, she cannot solve the following problem: “Jack is taller than Sam, and Sam is taller than Max. Who is the tallest?” This is because Claire’s concrete mental | abstract ideas. |
| When Taylor was given a list of ingredients to memorize, she immediately repeated the list to herself over and over. Which memory strategy did Taylor use? | rehearsal |
| Children who acquire effective self-regulatory skills develop a sense of | academic self-efficacy. |
| IQ often enters into educational decisions because it | predicts school performance and educational attainment. |
| School-age children’s attitude toward language undergoes a fundamental shift when | develop language awareness. |
| Jacob, a sixth grader, entered the middle school academic bowl. According to Erikson, by entering the competition, Jacob shows | industriousness |
| Eleven-year-old Leah has developed a sense of competence at a number of useful skills and tasks. She has a positive but realistic self-concept and takes pride in her accomplishments. According to Erikson, Leah has | positively resolved the psychological conflict of middle childhood. |
| Beginning in middle childhood, children’s self-descriptions start to emphasize | both negative and positive traits. |
| As school-age children move into adolescence, self-concept is increasingly vested in | feedback from close friends. |
| During childhood and adolescence, perceived __________ correlates more strongly with overall self-worth than any other self-esteem factor. | physical appearance |
| Andrew has high academic self-esteem. Andrew is probably | willing to try hard. |
| Children whose parents use a(n) __________ child-rearing style feel especially good about themselves. | authoritative |
| Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez want to foster a positive, secure self-image in their son. Which of the following would you suggest? | Encourage him to strive for worthwhile goals because his eventual achievement will foster his self-esteem. |
| When John succeeds, his father says, “You’re so smart!” However, when he fails, his father says, “You can’t do that, can you? It’s OK if you quit.” John’s father’s messages could play a key role in John’s adoption of a | fixed view of ability. |
| Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions in middle childhood is true? | Pride motivates children to take on further challenges, whereas guilt prompts them to strive for self-improvement. |
| Fernando’s parents respond sensitively and helpfully when he is distressed. Fernando is probably | prosocial. |
| When Sayuri is distressed, her father is dismissive and her mother is hostile. Sayuri is probably | overwhelmed by negative emotion. |
| Principal Allen wants to reduce prejudice at his middle school. Which of the following interventions should he use? | assign children to cooperative learning groups with peers of diverse backgrounds |
| Which of the following children is most likely to believe in racial and ethnic equality? | Yaowu, a child who attends an ethnically diverse school and shares feelings with close, cross-race friends |
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