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1100 words
1100 words - first set (week 1-23)
| Term | Definition | example |
|---|---|---|
| voracious | (adj.) having a huge appetite, greedy, ravenous; excessively eager | ex: Her appetite for information was voracious |
| indiscriminate | (adj.) without restraint or control; unselective | ex: Seventy protesters were killed by indiscriminate gunfire |
| eminent | (adj.) famous, outstanding, distinguished; projecting | ex: She's an eminent psychiatrist at the Harvard Medical School |
| steeped | (verb)soaked in water or other liquid, surrounded with a quality | ex: He was steeped in modern history |
| replete | (adj.) full, abundant | ex: Literature is replete with tales of power. |
| abound | (v) to exist in great numbers | ex: The forests abound with deer, birds and squirrels. |
| prognosticate | (v) to predict or foretell a future event | ex: the economists were prognosticating financial Armageddon |
| abode | (n) a place of residence; a house or home | ex:They established their permanent abode here. |
| automaton | (n) a robot; a mechanical "person" | ex: like an automaton, she walked to the door |
| realm | (n) 1. a field or domain of activity or interest. (n) 2. kingdom | ex: The idea belongs in the realm of science fiction ex: They fought to defend the realm. |
| annals | (n) a historical record of events, often arranged in a yearly sequence | ex: He has become a legend in the annals of military history |
| Compound | (v) to make something worse by increasing or adding to it | ex: Lack of rain compounded the problems farmers are having. |
| tinge | (n) a trace, smattering, or slight degree | ex: There was a tinge of sadness in her voice |
| badger | (v) repeatedly ask (someone) to do something | ex: You can't badger me into going to the party |
| interminable | (adj) endless | ex: We had to listen to another of his interminable stories of his days as a soldier. |
| implore | (v) beg someone desperately to do something | ex: I implore you not to leave me here. |
| drudgery | (n) hard boring work | ex: Travel can be an escape from the routine drudgery of life |
| perceive | (v) come to realize or understand | ex: I can't perceive any difference between these coins |
| laconic | (adj) expressing much in few words | ex: A full and suitably laconic report of events will follow in March. |
| throng | (n) a large crowd of people or animals (v) fill or present in as a crowd | ex: A huge throng had gathered round the speaker. ex: They throng the beaches between late June and early August. |
| intrepid | (adj) fearless, adventurous | ex: Some intrepid individuals were still prepared to make the journey. |
| accost | (v) to approach and speak to; to confront in a challenging or aggressive way | ex: reporters accosted him in the street |
| reticent | (adj) not revealing one's thoughts or feelings easily or willingly | ex: He was extremely reticent about his personal life |
| furtive | (adj)behaving secretly | ex: In a furtive manner, she removed her shoes. |
| felon | (n) a person who is guilty of a crime | ex: The police arrested a dangerous felon yesterday |
| plethora | (n) a large amount of sth | ex: The report contained a plethora of detail. |
| hapless | (adj) unlucky and usually unhappy | ex: The hapless passengers were stranded at the airport for three days. |
| irate | (adj) very angry | ex: The announcement was designed to pacify the irate crowd. |
| pretext | (n) a reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason. | ex: Under pretext of being a police officer, the gang member gained entry |
| fabricate | (v) 1.invent (something) in order to deceive. 2. produce goods, equipment | ex: 1.he was accused of fabricating data. 2. The discs are expensive to fabricate. |
| adroit | (adj) skillful, clever | ex:She is a remarkably adroit and determined politician. |
| gesticulate | (v) to express by or make gestures instead of speaking | ex:He gesticulated wildly as he tried to make her understand. |
| vigilant | (adj) very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble | ex: Down to his death the pope kept a vigilant eye on the troubles in France. |
| avid | (adj) having or showing a keen interest in or enthusiasm for something. | ex: She's an avid reader of historical novels. |
| cajole | (v) to try to persuade someone to do something by saying things that please the person or make the person feel important | ex: He really knows how to cajole people into doing what he wants. |
| rudimentary | (adj) only basic, and not deep or detailed | ex: He has only a rudimentary knowledge of the subject. |
| nuance | (n) a very small difference in color, meaning, or feeling | ex: The painter has managed to capture every nuance of the woman's expression. |
| loathe | (v) unwilling | ex: We loathe each other, yet we seem doomed constantly to meet. |
| reprimand | (n) a formal disapproval. (v) to express your strong official disapproval | ex: He was reprimanded by a teacher for talking in the corridor. |
| lackluster | (adj) lacking liveliness, spirit, or enthusiasm | ex: The actor gave a lackluster performance. |
| caustic | (adj) 1. sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way. 2. capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action | ex: 1. Her speech was a caustic attack on government officials. 2. Remember that this is caustic; use gloves or a spoon |
| wrest | (v) to gain with difficulty by or as if by force, violence | ex: I managed to wrest the photograph from him |
| jostle | (v) push, elbow, or bump against (someone) roughly, typically in a crowd. | ex: he was jostled by passengers rushing for the gates |
| incipient | (adj) beginning to happen or develop | ex: he could feel incipient anger building up |
| dupe | (v) deceive; trick. (n) a victim of deception | ex: (v)the newspaper was duped into publishing an untrue story (n) I won't be his dupe any longer. |
| inadvertent | (adj) not meant, sought, or intended | ex: The government has said it was an inadvertent error |
| ominous | (adj) suggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen | ex:There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone. |
| tremulous | (adj) If a person's voice or a part of their body is tremulous, it is shaking slightly | ex: I opened the important letter with tremulous fingers |
| repudiate | (v) to refuse to accept something or someone as true, good, or reasonable | ex: The West has chosen to repudiate all responsibility for these refugees |
| cessation | (n) ending | ex: The arrival the police brought a quick cessation to the gang fight. |
| bristle | (v)1. (of hair or fur) stand upright away from the skin, typically as a sign of anger or fear. 2. (of a person) react angrily or defensively. | ex: His lies made her bristle with rage |
| euphemism | (n) a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word | ex: "Senior citizen" is a euphemism for "old person" |
| mundane | (adj) 1. lacking interest or excitement; dull. 2. of this earthly world rather than a heavenly | ex: It was hard to return to mundane matters after such excitement |
| incongruous | (adj) not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something. | ex: The new computer looked incongruous in the dark book-filled library. |
| stipulate | (v) demand or specify (a requirement), typically as part of an agreement. | ex: he stipulated certain conditions before their marriage |
| alacrity | (n)cheerful readiness or willingness | ex: She accepted the money with alacrity. |
| disdain | (n) the feeling of not liking and thinking that somebody is not worthy (v) to look on with scorn | ex: (n) Janet looked at him with disdain (v) The older musicians disdain the new, rock-influenced music |
| belligerent | (adj) wishing to fight or argue (n) a country, group, or person who is fighting a war | ex: (v) He is always very belligerent towards me. (n) Many hoped the belligerents were finally on the road to peace. |
| intimidate | (v) frighten someone in order to make them do what one wants. | ex: The gang tried to intimidate the bank manager. |
| feint | (n) an action or movement intended to take attention away from something else (v)make a deceptive or distracting movement, especially during a fight. | ex: He produced a brilliant feint, passed two defenders, and smashed the ball into the net. |
| pugnacious | (adj) eager to argue, quarrel, or fight. | ex: The President was in a pugnacious mood when he spoke to journalists about the rebellion |
| promulgate | (v) make widely known (an idea or cause). | ex: The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year. |
| brash | (adj) showing too much confidence and too little respect | ex: His brash answers annoyed the interviewers. |
| scoff | (n)an expression of scorn (v)laughter at a person or idea that shows you think they are stupid | ex: We scoff at their education, habits and tastes. |
| laceration | (n) a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh. | ex: He has a laceration on his right arm. |
| castigate | (v) to criticize someone or something | ex: The principal castigate the student who have insult their teacher. |
| sordid | (adj) dirty ,involving immoral or dishonorable actions and motives | ex:There are lots of really sordid apartments in the city's poorer areas. |
| octogenarian | (n) a person who is between 80 and 89 years old. | ex: She is very active for an octogenarian. |
| aspirant | (n) someone who very much wants to achieve something (adj) having ambitions to achieve something | ex: the pilot was an aspirant astronaut |
| dregs | (n) the most worthless part or parts of something. | ex: She threw the coffee dregs down the sink. |
| frenzy | (n) a state or period of uncontrolled excitement or wild behaviour. | ex: In a frenzy of rage she hit him. |
| scurrilous | (adj) making scandalous claims about someone with the intention of damaging their reputation. | ex: She was often quite scurrilous in her references to me. |
| rampant | (adj) (especially of something unwelcome) spreading unchecked. | ex: Sexism is rampant in many institutions. |
| inane | (adj) lacking sense or meaning; silly. | ex: I quickly switch the subject, asking him something inane about eighteenth-century poetics. |
| concur | (v) be of the same opinion; agree. | ex: Only nine of the 12 jurors had to concur. |
| clandestine | (adj) planned or done in secret | ex: He has been having a clandestine affair with his secretary for three years. |
| flagrant | (adj) so obviously inconsistent with what is right or proper | ex: The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal in middle - and upper - class life. |
| duress | (n) threats used to force a person to do something | ex: He signed the confession under duress |
| culprit | (n) someone who has done something wrong | ex: Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits. |
| inexorable | (adj)continuing without any possibility of being stopped | ex: Something has got to be done to stop this inexorable rise in expenditure. |
| egregious | (adj) extremely bad | ex: It was an egregious error for a statesman to show such ignorance. |
| distraught | (adj) very worried and upset. | ex: Weeks after the accident she remained distraught. |
| acrimonious | (adj) full of anger, arguments, and bad feeling | ex: He had an acrimonious quarrel with his girlfriend yesterday. |
| paucity | (n) the fact that there is too little of something | ex: The paucity of fruit was caused by the drought |
| pernicious | (adj) having a harmful effect | ex: Business may be troublesome, but idleness is pernicious. |
| construe | (v) interpret | ex: Different lawyers may construe the same law differently |
| impunity | (n) freedom from punishment | ex: He behaved badly with impunity as he knew the teacher was weak |
| affluent | (adj) having a lot of money or owning a lot of things | ex: Both power and wealth aggregate within the affluent class. |
| feasible | (adj) possible to do easily | ex: It's not feasible to follow your proposals. |
| discern | (v) recognize | ex: The man couldn't discern between right and wrong. |
| sally | (n,v) a sudden attack on an enemy, especially when they are surrounding you | ex: During a number of these sallies, fire was exchanged and the party had to fight their way back. |
| consternation | (n) a feeling of worry, shock, or confusion | ex: The government's plans have caused considerable consternation among many Americans. |
| precocious | (adj) A precocious child behaves as if they are much older than they are | ex: As a precocious child, she went to university at the age of 15. |
| perfunctory | (adj) carried out without real interest, feeling, or effort. | ex: She gave the list only a perfunctory glance. |
| chagrin | (n) disappointment or anger, especially when caused by a failure or mistake | ex: to her chagrin, neither of her sons became doctors. |
| perverse | (adj) turned away from what is right or good | ex: She finds a perverse pleasure in upsetting her parents. |
| deride | (v) ridicule | ex: Leave it to the intellectuals to deride romance novels. |
| disparage | (v) belittle | ex: Don't disparage her attempts to become an actress. |
| laudable | (adj) -of an action, idea, or aim- deserving praise | ex: His noble ideas and polite behavior are laudable. |
| fiasco | (n) a complete failure | ex: The conference was a complete fiasco. |
| masticate | (v) chew (food). | ex: Her mouth was working, as if she was masticating some tasty titbit. |
| eschew | (v) avoid using | ex: A civilized leader must eschew violence. |
| quell | (v) put an end to (a rebellion or other disorder), typically by the use of force. - suppress | ex: Soldiers were sent in to quell the riots. |
| verbose | (adj) using more words than needed | ex: For once, his usually verbose wife was content to listen. |
| confidant | (n) a person with whom one shares a secret | ex: Davidson was a close friend and confidant of Stanley Baldwin. |
| obsolescence | (n) the process of becoming obsolete | ex: Older versions had passed into obsolescence and a new version was already on the market. |
| dubious | (adj) doubtful, unsure | ex:These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven. |
| implacable | (adj) someone who has strong opinions or feelings that are impossible to change | ex: The government faces implacable opposition on the issue of nuclear waste. |
| paroxysm | (n) a sudden attack or outburst of a particular emotion or activity. | ex: He broke into a paroxysm of coughing. |
| untoward | (adj) difficult to guide, manage, or work with - inappropriate | ex: Unless anything untoward happens we should arrive just before midday. |
| jurisdiction | (n) the official power to make legal decisions and judgements. | ex: This case comes under the jurisdiction of a lower court. |
| skirmish | (n,v) a minor fight | ex:The young soldier was killed in a skirmish with government troops. |
| monolithic | (adj) 1. too regular, or without interesting differences, and unwilling or unable to be changed 2. formed from a single crystal | ex:The French army was not a monolithic organization |
| arbitrary | (adj) based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason | ex: He makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions. |
| indigent | (adj) poor,needy | ex: Another fast growing category is the indigent elderly population in nursing homes. |
| fray | (n) a disorder fight 2. فرسوده شدن پارچه | ex: Why should you get involved in their fray? |
| stymie | (v)prevent or the progress of. | ex:Financial difficulties have stymied the company's growth. |
| cognizant | (adj) having knowledge or awareness. | ex: We are cognizant of the problem. |
| effigy | (n) a sculpture or model of a person. | ex: The demonstrators burned a crude effigy of the president. |
| flout | (v) openly disregard (a rule, law, or convention). | ex: Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets. |
| turbulent | (adj) chaotic, disordered, characterized by conflict | ex: He has had a turbulent political career. |
| terminate | (v) bring to an end. | ex: he was advised to terminate the contract |
| forthwith | (adv) (especially in official use) immediately; without delay. | ex: Mr Jones will be dismissed forthwith. |
| exacerbate | (v) make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse. | ex: Interfering now would only exacerbate the situation. |
| revert | (v) return to (a previous state, practice, topic, etc.). | ex: Let us revert to the original subject. |
| oust | (v) drive out or expel (someone) from a position or place. | ex: The rebels finally managed to oust the government from power. |
| emaciated | (adj) abnormally thin or weak, especially because of illness or a lack of food. | ex: The prisoners were ill and emaciated. |
| ascend | (v) go up or climb. | ex: she ascended the stairs |
| malnutrition | (n)lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat | ex: nearly 67% of the country's population suffers from malnutrition |
| afflict | (v) cause pain or trouble to | ex: I don't want to afflict you with my troubles. |
| besiege | (v) surround (a place) with armed forces | ex: Troy was besieged by the Greeks for ten years. |
| privation | (n) a state in which food and other essentials for well-being are lacking. | ex: They endured five years of privation during the second world war. |
| ubiquitous | (adj) present, appearing, or found everywhere. | ex: Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days. |
| thwart | (v) to stop something from happening or someone from doing something | ex:Harry knew now that nothing could thwart his plans. |
| harbinger | (n) a person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another. | ex:The cuckoo is a harbinger of spring. |
| malignant | (adj) evil in nature or effect | ex: She developed a malignant breast tumour. |
| excruciating | (adj) intensely painful. | ex: The tablets brought temporary respite from the excruciating pain. |
| respite | (n) a short period of rest or relief from something difficult | ex: We worked for hours without respite. |
| reverberate | (v) echo | ex: The noise seemed to reverberate around the ship. |
| fretful | (adj) upset | ex: Babies soon become fretful when they are tired or hungry. |
| succumb | (v) give up | ex:Don't succumb to the temptation to have just one cigarette. |
| impresario | (n) manager of a concert or a play | ex: I talked to the famous impresario the other day |
| extortion | (n) اخاذی | ex: He was charged with extortion and kidnapping |
| adverse | (adj) stop the development of something, harmful | ex: Modern farming methods can have an adverse effect on the environment. |
| asset | (n) valuable property | ex: He is a great asset to our company. |
| bigot | (n) متعصب | ex: Critics say the mayor is a bigot who is inflaming racial tensions in his city. |
| blantant | (adj) a bad behavior when somebody does something shamelessly | ex: Our teacher is guilty of blatant favouritism. |
| entourage | (n) followers, friends who are always with someone | ex: Mr. Stallone and his entourage arrived half an hour late. |
| virulent | (adj) poisonous and deadly | ex: Now he faces virulent attacks from the Italian media. |
| spew | (v) vomit or spill out | ex:Groups like these use the Internet to spew racial hatred. |
| solicit | (v)ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone. | ex: May I solicit your advice on a matter of some importance? |
| astute | (adj) quick-witted | ex: She was astute enough to realize that what Jack wanted was her money. |
| advocate | (n) supporter (v) support | ex: Many people advocate building more gymnasiums. |
| scrutinize | (v) examine or inspect closely | ex: I closely scrutinized my opponent's every move. |
| nefarious | (adj) (of an action) evil or sinful thing usually done be criminals | ex:Increasingly, they have been linked to more nefarious activities, from cheating on taxes to financing cocaine traffickers. |
| amicable | (adj) friendly | ex:Few people have amicable divorces. |
| vexatious | (adj) annoying | ex: Moving house is a vexatious business. |
| inclement | (adj) (of weather) unpleasantly cold or wet | ex: the inclement weather signal control is analyzed and researched. |
| peruse | (v) read sth carefully | ex: he has spent countless hours in libraries perusing art history books and catalogues |
| premonition | (n) a strong feeling that something bad is about to happen | ex: As we approached the house, I had a premonition that something terrible had happened. |
| desist | (v) stop doing something | ex: The judge told him to desist from threatening his wife. |
| pertinent | (adj) relevant | ex: The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme. |
| mastiff | (n) a kind of dogs | |
| doleful | (adj) expressing sorrow; mournful. | ex:the dog watched me with doleful eyes |
| wan | (adj) (of a person's complexion or appearance) pale and giving the impression of illness or exhaustion. | ex: she was looking wan and bleary-eyed |
| histrionic | (adj,n)theatrical or dramatic in character or style. | ex:The widow’s histrionic screaming made the detectives suspicious. |
| elusive | (adj) difficult to find, catch, or achieve. | ex: In London late-night taxis are elusive and far from cheap. |
| symptomatic | (adj) serving as a symptom or sign | ex: Chest pains may be symptomatic of heart disease. |
| interject | (v)to say something while another person is speaking | ex: I hate to interject a note of realism, but we don't have any money to do any of this. |
| inert | (adj) unmoving | ex: He lay, inert, in his bed. |
| salient | (adj) most noticeable or important | ex: She began to summarize the salient features/points of the proposal. |
| imminent | (adj) near to happen, close to happen | ex: The system is in imminent danger of collapse. |
| squeamish | (adj) نازک نارنجی | ex: She's really squeamish and can't stand the sight of blood. |
| engrossed | (v) interested in | ex: She was so engrossed by/in the book that she forgot the cakes in the oven. |
| poignant | (adj) evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret. | ex: The photograph awakens poignant memories |
| inundate | (v) 1.overwhelm (someone) with things 2. flood | ex: She was inundated by floods of fan mail. |
| garbled | (adj) (of something said) confused and unclear, or giving a false idea | ex: The voice on the tape was too garbled to understand. |
| sanguine | (adj) optimistic | ex: They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. |
| phlegmatic | (adj) calm and self-controlled | ex: A phlegmatic mind in an emergency is more important. |
| corroborate | (v) confirm | ex: We now have new evidence to corroborate the defendant's story. |
| comprehensive | (adj) complete | ex: I want a very comprehensive explanation of this plan. |
| zealous | (adj) enthusiastic and eager | ex: Everywhere you look, there are zealous keepers of the Olympic flame. |
| coerce | (v) force sb to do sth | ex: The rebels coerced the villagers into hiding them from the army. |
| elapse | (v) passing of time | ex: weeks elapsed before anyone was charged with the attack |
| meticulous | (adj) very careful | ex: She planned her trip in meticulous detail. |
| domicile | (n) a place of residence, home | ex: His last known domicile was 10 New Street, Cambridge. |
| lax | (adj) not careful | ex:I think the school has been too lax about bad behaviour |
| sporadic | (adj) not happening in any order or pattern | ex:Sporadic gunfire continued through the night. |
| rash | (adj) acting without careful consideration of the possible consequences | ex: Whatever you do, just don't make any rash decisions. |
| conjecture | (n,v) guess | ex: There's been a lot of conjecture in the papers recently about the royal marriage. |
| obviate | (v) remove (a need or difficulty) | ex: Up to now, it is not possible to obviate the likelihood of the earthquake. |
| lurid | (adj)1. unpleasantly bright in colour 2. horrifying | ex: Some reports have contained lurid accounts of deaths |
| quip | (n,v) a witty joke | ex: I punched my brother when he made a quip about my hair. |
| diatribe | (n) a bitter verbal attack against somebody | ex: He launched into a long diatribe against the government's policies. |
| inhibition | (n) feeling of embarrassment that prevents you to say or do something | ex:Work inhibition clearly exists among students from well-educated families. |
| fortuitous | (adj) unexpected | ex: The timing of the meeting is certainly fortuitous. |
| ilk | (n) a type, group | ex: All my friends and acquaintances throughout my life have been of the same ilk |
| integral | (adj) essentianl | ex: Vegetables are an integral part of our diet. |
| remuneration | (n) payment, salary | ex: He received a generous remuneration for his services. |
| nominal | (adj) 1. very small in amount 2. exist only by name | 1. We had to pay a nominal fee to join the club. 2. The king was only the nominal head of the state. |
| expunge | (v) remove | ex: She has been unable to expunge the details of the accident from her memory. |
| flamboyant | (adj) پر زرق و برق | ex: Freddie Mercury was a flamboyant star of the British hard rock scene. |
| anathema | (n) sth that ab dislikes, hatefulness | ex: Racial prejudice is anathema to me. |
| schism | (n) a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief. | ex: there was a great schism in the catholic church |
| timorous | (adj) easily frightened, fearful | ex: The timorous rabbit ran away. |
| truncated | (adj) shortened in duration or extent | ex: My article was published in truncated form. |
| jaunty | (adj) having a lively manner | ex: Peter Webster, forty-seven, is a jaunty, jolly fellow. |
| fractious | (adj) a bad mood, grumpy | ex: Children become fractious when they are tired. |
| ostentatious | (adj) showy, designed to impress | ex: She carried her car keys on an ostentatious gold key ring. |
| importune | (v) harass (someone) persistently for or to do something. | ex: One can no longer walk the streets without seeing beggars importuning passers by. |
| incontrovertible | (adj) not able to be denied , unquestionable | ex: We have incontrovertible evidence of what took place. |
| Surreptitious | (adj) kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of. | ex: He made a surreptitious entrance to the club through the little door in the brick wall. |
| haven | (n) sanctuary | ex: The garden was a haven from the noise and bustle of the city. |
| subjugate | (v) bring under control | ex: Imperialism has not been able to subjugate China. |
| eventuate | (v) occur as a result | ex: Our business eventuated in a failure. |
| emit | (v) produce (sth like gas or radiation) | ex: It is unlawful for factories to emit black smoke into the air. |
| subterranean | (adj) existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface | ex: There's a subterranean river that goes underneath all the homes on this street. |
| viable | (adj) capable of working successfully; feasible. | ex: The factory is no longer economically viable. |
| premise | (n) a pre-assumption (v) to base a theory on an idea | ex: (n) The premise is that schools will work harder to improve (v) Let me premise my argument with a bit of history. |
| incredulous | (adj) unwilling or unable to believe something. | ex: Everyone looked incredulous when I said I used to drive a taxi. |
| permeate | (v) spread | ex: Racism continues to permeate our society. |
| propitious | (adj) likely to result in success | ex: They should wait for the most propitious moment between now and the next election. |
| surmise | (n), (v) guess | ex: He was glad to have his surmise confirmed. |
| curtail | (v) reduce | ex: The president has remained mute about plans to curtail the number of immigrants. |
| cryptic | (adj) mysterious | ex: I received a cryptic message through the post. |
| inchoate | (adj) rudimentary | ex: She had a child's inchoate awareness of language. |
| aspire | (v) desire to, hope for/to | ex: Few people who aspire to fame ever achieve it. - I don't aspire to anything very grand - I just want a place I can call my own |
| inveigh | (v) speak or write about (something) with great hostility. | ex: he liked to inveigh against all forms of academic training |
| nettle | (v) irritate or annoy someone (n) گزنه | ex:It nettles him that his younger coworker got a promotion before he did. |
| overt | (adj) done or shown openly | ex: He shows no overt signs of his unhappiness. |
| relegate | (v) to put someone or something into a lower or less important rank or position | ex: He has been relegated to the position of an assistant coach. |
| supine | (adj) lay on your back تاق باز | ex: Clare remained supine, her eyes closed. |
| repulse | (v) drive back by force | ex: rioters tried to storm the Ministry but were repulsed by police |
| havoc | (n) damage | ex: the hurricane ripped through Florida causing havoc |
| raze | (v) completely destroy | ex: Many villages were razed to the ground. |
| scurry | (v) move quickly with short quick steps. | ex: they began to scurry back to a safe distance from the edge. |
| lethal | (adj) fatal, deadly | ex: These chemicals are lethal to fish. |
| incisive | (adj) 1. clear-thinker, clever 2. to the point | ex: she was an incisive critic. |
| preciptitate | (v,adj,n) cause to happen suddenly | ex: A slight mistake could precipitate a disaster. |
| stentorian | (adj) (of a person's voice) loud and powerful. | ex: He spoke in stentorian tones. |
| singular | (adj) exceptionally good, remarkable | ex: he had the singular good fortune not to die in the trenches |
| valor | (n) bravery | ex: He showed valor and skill on the battlefield. |
| sinecure | (n) a position which involves little work, but for which the person is paid | ex: A professorial chair, like a bishopric, was often nothing more nor less than a sinecure. |
| complicity | (n) working together in an activity which is unlawful | ex: He denied complicity in the murder. |
| liquidation | (n) 1. the process of closing a business, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts 2. killing | ex: The company went into liquidation. |
| accomplice | (n) someone who helps another commit a crime | ex: She was her husband's accomplice in murdering a rich old man. |
| recant | (v) to announce in public that your past beliefs or statements were wrong and that you no longer agree with them | ex: Galileo was forced to recant his belief in the Copernican theory. |
| culpable | (adj) guilty, deserving to blame | ex: The prime minister is highly culpable in this affair. |
| abrogate | (v) overrule a law, etc | ex: A government may abrogate any unfair treaties. |
| allege | (v) claim that someone has done something illegal, usually without proof | ex: Prosecutors in the trial allege the defendants plotted to overthrow the government |
| preclude | (v) prevent sth from happening | ex: The temporary cease-fire agreement does not preclude possible retaliatory attacks later. |
| landmark | (n) milestone, an important event, monument, etc | ex: The film is an important landmark in the history of the cinema. |
| extrinsic | (adj) external, exterior, coming from outside | ex: That style is something extrinsic to the subject. |
| declaim | (v) to express something with strong feeling, especially in a loud voice or with forceful language | ex: The senator declaimed against higher taxes. |
| fetter | (v,n) n: handcuff v: restrain | ex: there were no chains immediately available to fetter the prisoners |
| paragon | (n) a perfect example of a quality, a model | ex: He wasn't the paragon of virtue she had expected. |
| nomadic | (adj) خانه به دوشی | ex: Nomadic tribes wander these deserts. |
| asperity | (n) harshness of manner | ex: She pointed out, with some asperity, that it had all been my fault. |
| epithet | (n) a title, a nickname | ex: old men are often unfairly awarded the epithet ‘dirty |
| indigenous | (adj) native, local, domestic | ex: Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia. |
| gregarious | (adj) sociable | ex: Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person. |
| cursory | (adj) perfunctory, quick and not detailed | ex: Even a cursory glance at the figures will tell you that sales are down this year. |
| interlope | (n) intruder | ex: Security did not prevent an interloper from getting onto the stage at the opening ceremony. |
| prolific | (adj) productive, بارور | ex: Picasso was extremely prolific during his Cubist years. |
| bulwark | (n) something that protects you from danger | ex:My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment. |
| sedentary | (adj) inactive, tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive. | ex: Book keeping is a sedentary occupation. |
| altruistic | (adj) selfless, self-sacrificing | ex: it was an entirely altruistic act |
| embellish | (v) decorate, beautufy | ex: I asked him not to embellish the truth with ideas of his own. |
| cache | (n,v) a secret or hidden store of things | ex: Police discovered a cache of weapons in the room. |
| coterie | (n) a small group of people with shared interests | ex: His loyal coterie of fans crowded the stage. |
| cupidity | (n) greed | ex: John's cupidity led him to try and rob the bank |
| virtuosity | (n) great skill | ex: At that time, his virtuosity on the violin had no parallel in classical music. |
| temerity | (n) a willingness to do or say something that shocks or upsets other people جسارت | ex: He had the temerity to ask for higher wages after only a day's work. |
| amorous | (adj) full of love or fond of making love | ex: Amanda had rejected his amorous advances |
| progeny | (n) offspring, children | ex: He was surrounded by his numerous progeny. |
| saturate | (v) cause (something) to become thoroughly soaked with water or other liquid | ex: Our culture is saturated with television and advertising. |
| perpetrate | (v) commit an illegal action | ex: The men were planning to perpetrate a robbery |
| consummate | (adj) perfect (v) complete | ex: (adj) She dealt with the problem with consummate skill. (v) the property sale is consummated |
| subterfuge | (n) trickery | ex: Journalists often use subterfuge to obtain material for stories. |
| concoct | (v) make by combining, create | ex: I began to concoct explanations of my own. |
| fallacious | (adj) false | ex: His argument is based on fallacious reasoning. |
| manifold | (adj) many | ex: Despite her manifold faults, she was a strong leader. |
| assiduous | (adj) careful and preseverent | ex: The Government has been assiduous in the fight against inflation. |
| impeccable | (adj) flawless, perfect | ex: She's French but she speaks with an impeccable English accent. |
| fraught | (adj) 1. full of unpleasant things 2. anxious | ex: Their marriage has been fraught with difficulties. |
| murky | (adj) dark and gloomy | ex: The river was brown and murky after the storm. |
| hoax | (n) حقه | ex: The emergency call turned out to be a hoax. |
| labyrinth | (n) هزارتو | ex: you lose yourself in a labyrinth of little street |
| exult | (v) rejoice, be happy | ex: She exulted in her new discovery. |
| attest | declare or give evidence of | ex: Several witnesses can attest to her good character. |
| gullible | (adj) someone who easily believes sth | ex: I'm so gullible I would have believed him. |
| deploy | (v) move (troops or equipment) into position for military action. | ex: forces were deployed at strategic locations |
| enigma | (n) چیستان | |
| abortive | (adj) failing to produce the intended result., unsuccessful | ex: He made two abortive attempts on the French throne. |
| accommodate | (v) 1. shelter 2. give what is needed to someone | ex: We certainly try to accommodate students with disabilities. |
| innate | (adj) inborn, natural | ex: Emotion is the innate weakness of human. |
| veneer | (n,v) n: sth that covers sth unpleasant v: cover | ex: For the first time her veneer of politeness began to crack. |
| myraid | (n, adj) countless, a lot of | ex: They offered no solution for all our myriad problems. |
| urbane | (adj) well-mannerd | ex: Neil was urbane, witty, direct, and honest. |
| deem | (v) consider, regard | ex: the event was deemed a great success |
| inherent | (adj) innate | ex: Every business has its own inherent risks. |
| buff | (n) fan, amirer | ex: Jack is a jazz buff. |
| romp | (v,n) play energetically | ex: the noisy pack of children romped around the gardens |
| latent | (adj) نهفته، پنهان | ex: at the age of 42, the artist first became cognizant of his latent genius |
| tortuous | (adj) full of twists and turns. | ex: They walked through the tortuous streets of the old city. |
| itinerant | (adj) travelling from place to place. (n) a person who travels from place to place. | ex: A restless, itinerant soul, he didn't stay in Symington long |
| peregrination | (n) a long journey | ex: His peregrinations took him to India. |
| conjugal | (adj) زناشویی related to marriage | ex: this was our conjugal home |
| barometer | (n) فشار سنج مقیاس | ex: Jealousy is not a barometer by which the depth of love can be read |
| megalomania | (n) an unnaturally strong wish for power and control, or the belief that you are very much more important | ex: Early success may lead to megalomania. |
| profligate | (adj. n) wasteful, use too much of simething | ex: The region's profligate economies will struggle |
| strife | (n) conflict, dissagreement | ex: Money is a major cause of strife in many marriages. |
| legion | (adj) numerous | ex: His delightful sense of humour won him a legion of friends. |
| coup | (n) کودتا، سرنگونی | ex: She pulled off a great coup in getting the president to agree to an interview. |
| amnesty | (n,v) عفو، عفو عمومی | ex: The government granted an amnesty to all political prisoners. |
| expatriate | (n)a person who lives outside their native country. (v,adj) | ex: (n) The writer, an expatriate living in Singapore, has studied and worked in the US. (adj) The author is an expatriate artist living in Singapore. |
| exonerate | (v) declare innocent | ex: He was exonerated from all responsibility for the accident. |
| fiat | (n) حکم decree | ex: Prices have been fixed by government fiat. |
| mendacious | (adj) lying, untruthful | ex: The mendacious beggar told a different tale of woe at every house. |
| parsimonious | (adj) ungenerious | ex: She's too parsimonious to heat the house properly. |
| pecuniary | (adj) relating to money, financial | ex: He was trying to get a pecuniary advantage for himself. |
| dismantle | (v) to destroy something in an orderly way | ex: That money has helped dismantle several thousand weapons. |
| sumptuous | (adj) luxurious | ex: The celebrity guests turned up dressed in sumptuous evening gowns. |
| underwrite | (v) to support sth that costs money by promising to pay for it | ex: No bank would be willing to underwrite such a loss. |
| balk | (v,n) eschew, resist accepting an idea | ex: Even biology undergraduates may balk at animal experiments. |
| blunt | (adj) not having a sharp edge or point. بی پرده و بی تعارف | ex: 1. Sharpen all your blunt knives. 2. His isolation has made him blunt about the feelings of others. |
| rife | (adj) common, widespread | ex: Hollywood soon became rife with rumors. |
| revile | (v) criticize | ex: He is probably the most reviled man in contemporary theatre. |
| derogetory | (adj) disrespectful | ex: The word 'pig' is a derogatory term for policeman. |
| indict | (v) accuse of | ex: his former manager was indicted for fraud |
| nebulous | (adj) unclear | ex: It's not comfortable with nebulous concepts such as love, need and trust. |
| pesky | (adj) annoying | ex: hose pesky kids from next door have let down my car tyres again! |
| redolent | (adj) remembering, having (the smell) or other qualities that makes you think of sth else | ex: His image is redolent of the smell of old leather, old money and class. |
| repose | (n,v) state of rest, relaxtation | ex: She went outside seeking a few moments of repose. |
| omnivirous | (adj) eating bot plants and animal, liking everything | ex: As a child, Coleridge developed omnivorous reading habits. |
| abstemious | (adj) moderate in using sth | ex: He is abstemious in eating and drinking. |
| extant | (adj) existing | ex: Two fourteenth-century manuscripts of this text are still extant. |
| vicissitudes | (n) unpleasant changes | ex: They took a keen interest in all the political vicissitudes of the Oriental world. |
| edifice | (n) a large building | ex: The town hall is the only edifice surviving from the fifteenth century. |
| sultry | (adj) hot and humid an attractive person | ex: The outside air was heavy and moist and sultry. |
| trenchant | (adj) incisive, sharp, pointed | ex: His trenchant views on the subject are well known. |
| puissant | (adj) strong and powerfull | ex: The book was dedicated to: "the most high, puissant, and redoubted prince, Henry VIII |
| unabated | (adj) tireless, unfailing, persistent | ex: The storm continued unabated throughout the night. |
| maudlin | (adj) sentimental, emotional | ex: He gets very maudlin after a few drinks. |
| levity | (n) cheerfulness, lack of seriousness | ex: There is no excuse or reason for levity or humour on a day like yesterday. |
| lugubrious | (adj) gloomy, sad | ex: Why are you looking so lugubrious? |
| scion | (n) a descendant of a notable family. | ex: Nabokov was the scion of an aristocratic family. |
| indoctrinate | (v) teach, brainwash | ex: They have been indoctrinated by television to believe that violence is normal. |
| opulence | (n) richness | ex: she was impressed by the opulence of the hotel |
| obsequious | (adj) eager to praise someone | ex: She is almost embarrassingly obsequious to anyone in authority. |
| fulsome | (adj) expressing admiration too much | ex: The book contains a fulsome dedication to his wife. |
| lush | (adj) (usually plants) growing rich luxuary | ex: The first photograph is flush with lush colour, bluest skies and a verdant forest pathway |
| destitution | (n) extreme poverty | ex: His drinking led him to a life of destitution. |
| ponder | (v) think carefully | ex: She sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game. |
| supplication | (n) solicitation, action of begging | ex: he fell to his knees in supplication |
| decadence | (n) زوال low moral standards | ex: The empire had for years been falling into decadence. |
| penance | (n) confess to a priest 2. punishment | ex:As a penance, she said she would buy them all a box of chocolates. |
| ascetic | (n,adj) زاهد | ex: Living hidden away in the mountains suited his ascetic character. |
| desultory | (adj) lacking a plan or purpose | ex: I wandered about in a desultory fashion. |
| disciple | (n) apostle, follower | ex: Martin Luther King considered himself a disciple of Gandhi. |
| bona fide | (adj, adv) genuine, real | ex: You're a bona fide member of the team now. |
| nurture | (v,n) bring up while they are growing | ex: She wants to stay at home and nurture her children. |
| juxtapose | (v) to put things or people next to each other | ex: |
| plight | (n) an unpleasant condition | |
| covert | (adj) secret, furtive | |
| incompatibility | (n) unsuitable, when two things are different in nature | |
| incapacitated | (adj) not able, disable, with no power | ex: The accident left me incapacitated for seven months. |
| connubial | (adj) related to marriage, conjugal | ex: Walt and Marge lived in connubial bliss for over 50 years. |
| demur | (v) object, balk, protest | ex: The council may demur for two reasons. |
| Appellation | (n) name or title | |
| Escalation | (n) a raise, growth | |
| Cumulative | (adj) raising | |
| recondite | (adj) opposite of public, little known, cryptic | ex: Such teachings are very recondite and need considerable study to understand fully. |
| palliate | (v) relieve, make something less unpleasant | ex: They tried to palliate the hardship of their lives. |
| chimerical | (adj) illusory, impossible to achieve | ex: His utopia is not a chimerical commonwealth but a practical improvement on what already exists. |
| heterogeneous | (adj) consisting of different parts, diverse | ex: The U.S. has a very heterogeneous population. |
| gamut | (n) range | ex: This poem runs the gamut of emotions from despair to joy. |
| perpicacerous | (adj) astute, clever | ex: It was very perspicacious of you to find the cause of the trouble so quickly. |
| analogous | (adj) similar, parallel | ex: The report's findings are analogous with our own. |
| maladjusted | (adj) failing to cope with a normal environment | ex: Psychologists are dealing with the problem of maladjusted adolescence |
| susceptible | (adj) likely to be influenced or harmed | ex: Older people are more susceptible to infections. |
| neurotic | (adj) behaving strangely or in an anxious (= worried and nervous) way | ex: She's neurotic about switching lights off at home to save electricity. |
| pedagogue | (n) a strict teacher | ex: The pedagogue kept the child safe, taught self-discipline and public behaviour, |
| enunciate | (v) speak clearly | ex: He is always willing to enunciate his opinions on the subject of politics. |
| inordinate | (adj) unusually large, excessive | ex: They complained about the inordinate length of time they had to wait. |
| irascible | (adj) get angry easily, quick-tempered | ex: She's becoming more and more irascible as she grows older. |
| introspective | (adj) درون نگر | ex: She is famous for her introspective songs about failed relationships. |
| perpetuate | (v) keep alive, sustain | ex: Schools tend to perpetuate the myth that boys are better at sport than girls. |
| mandate | (n) decree, order | ex: The President was elected with a clear mandate to tackle violent crime. |
| compensatory | (adj) جبرانی | ex: He received a compensatory payment of $ 20,000. |
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Popular English Vocabulary sets