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Chapter 16

Court Cases

TermDefinition
Marbury v Madison (1803) FOC: John Adams + Jefferson, Judiciary Act of 1801 Result: Congress did not have power to modify the Const. Judiciary Act of 1789 unconst. Principle: Judicial Review
McCulloch v Maryland (1819) FOC: 2nd Bank of USA, Maryland taxes bank, McCulloch refuses, state believes bank is unconst. Result: McCulloch won, didn't pay taxes due to Necessary and Proper Clause Principle: Supremacy Clause
Shenck v US (1919) FOC: WWI, Shenck and Baer pass out leaflets against draft, charged with violating Espionage Act of1917, they believe 1st Amendment rights being violated. Result: USA wins Principle, 1st Amendment doesn't protect "clear and present danger" speech
Brown v Board (1954) FOC: Students refused from public schools, should be protected by 14th Amendment, states base their reasoning off of Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal) Result: Brown wins - separate inherently is unequal Principle: Equal Protection Clause under 14th
Baker v Carr (1961) FOC: Tennessee citizens feel reapportionment ignored important factors like economy. Result: Supreme Court can intervene in specific political questions. Principle: One person, One Vote (each person's votes in elections should have equal power)
Engel v Vitale (1962) FOC: New York has voluntary prayer at school, organizations believe this breaks 1st Amendment. Result: State cannot hold prayers, even if voluntary Principle: 1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Gideon v Wainwright (1963) FOC: Gideon charged with petty crime, given no lawyer (too poor) by Florida Supreme Court, filed habeas corpus but was rejected, sentenced to five years. Result: State courts required to offer a lawyer Principle: 6th Amendment extends to states.
Tinker v Des Moines (1969) FOC: Students hold protest against Vietnam War with armbands, symbolic protest, schools suspend them, violation of 1st Amendment. Result: Symbolic protest (armbands) protected by majority Principle: 1st Amendment rights extends to symbolism in schools.
New York Times v United States (1971) FOC: NYT wants to publish Pentagon Papers, Nixon stops them to defend "national security", violation of 1st Amendment Result: Nixon violated 1st Amendment Principle: Freedom of the Press
Wisconsin v Yoder (1972) FOC: Amish people don't want their kids in public schools, Wisconsin law says under 16 must go, violation of freedom of religion. Result: Amish won Principle: 1st Amendment Free Exercise Clause
Roe v Wade (1973) FOC: Jane Roe sues Henry Wade over state abortion laws, violation of privacy and 1st, 4th, 5th, 9th, and 14th Result: Abortion protected in 1st trimester, states regulate in 2nd Principle: Right to privacy
Shaw v Reno (1993) FOC: N. Carolina creates one black district, US Attorney General rejects plan, NC creates two weird black districts, citizens question legitimacy Result: New plan violated the Equal Protection Clause Principle: race ALONE cannot decide district lines
United States v Lopez (1995) FOC: Student brings gun to school breaking Gun-Free School Zones Act, federal charges, argues law is unconst. Result: Gun-Free Act is unconst. because not protected by Commerce Clause Principle: Use of Commerce Clause does not extend to guns.
Citizens United v Federal Election Commission (2010) FOC: Political action committee wants to use unlimited money on campaign, FEC says no, violating 1st Amendment rights (treating money as symbolic speech) Result: Committee can use as much money as they would like Principle: Money is protected by 1st
McDonald v Chicago (2010) FOC: Gun ban in Chicago after District of Columbia v Heller, violates 2nd Amendment Result: Gun ban is unconstitutional Principle: 2nd Amendment applies to states (because of 14th Amendment)
Created by: BucketOfBananas
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