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History Unit 1

QuestionAnswer
PALS Power, Authority, Legitimacy, Sovereignty
Power The ability to rule
Authority The right to rule
Legitimacy The belief in authority
Sovereignty The supreme power/authority
Representative Democracy Citizens elect people to represent their rights and interests in government. They are governed by the constitution or something like that
Direct Democracy Citizens participate directly in government in accordance with laws
Theocracy God/divinity is the ultimate authority. Religious texts is involved with creating laws. Any form of government
Oligarchy A small group of people that hold power
Absolute Monarchy Monarch rule the country (king or queen). Gets power through heredity. Monarch has all the power
Constitutional Monarchy Monarch is symbolic and has limited power through a constitution. The monarch shares power with the government
Dictatorship A single leader has absolute control over the citizens lives. Usually gains and keeps power through the military
Anarchy Nobody is recognized as the authority. Doesn't have a government. Pretty much can do whatever you want
Athenian Democracy (oligarchy) Only freed men can vote. It was a city-state. They vote on 9 archons, which are usually rich. Draco wrote the first constitution, but it wasn't fair. Solan rewrote the constitution to make it fair for everybody
Athenians that made reforms Went from an oligarchy to a direct democracy
Roman Democracy (republic) They had checks and balances. They elected two consuls. They were divided into two classes the rich and the poor. The poor had the bad end of the deal
Theory #1 on how monarchies evolved Nomadic tribes
Theory #2 Nobility took charge and fought, combined, and formed countries
Divine Right of Kings The belief that the monarch's power came from god
Enlightenment Era 1715-1789. Philosophers started to question religion, politics and history
Scientific Revolution Science started being used to explain things. Religion was started to be questioned
Renaissance Political Philosophy started to be used. Focused on individual rights, liberty, and rule of law
Niccolo Machiavelli Wrote the Prince. Believed it was better to be feared if you could not be loved. Favored monarchy
Thomas Hobbes vs John Locke Hobbes believed that we needed government to prevent evil. Locke believed that we need a fair ruler.
John Locke Believed in natural and unalienable rights. Wanted everything to be equal. Wanted government to protect the lives of the people.
Montesquieu His belief in a limited government, rule of law, seperation of power, and checks and balances inspired the constitution
Rousseau Believed in division of labor, direct democracy, private property and that we could get everything from nature. Everything should be fair.
Why were the Articles of Confederation ineffective? Because they wanted to prevent a tyranny it was very weak and didn't unify the 13 colonies. It took a very long time to make decisions because it needed to be unanimous. States had the majority of the power
Magna Carta's Impact It limited the king's power. Eventually a Parliament was created allowing the people to have more say in their government
Why were freeholders seen as the only people that could vote in England and early colonial times? They were seen as wealthy because they owned land. In the people's eyes they were seen as more powerful
Virtual Representation People elected to represent people who could not vote such as the people in the colonies
English Bill of Rights Guaranteed that Englishmen had the right to due process
Due Process Protection before the court
US Bill of Rights Was inspired by the English Bill of Rights. Was created to maintain the rights of man in the Constitution. Many states wanted this before they would ratify the Constitution
Created by: 26haleyell
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