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Chapter 12 Earth Sci
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joints usually develop in granite when the pressure on it: increases OR decreases? | Joints usually develop in granite when the pressure on them increases. |
| In what climate does weathering occur most rapidly? | Hot, wet climates. |
| Does flat land that has good drainage tend to have thick residual soils? | No. Flatland has no drainage since it is flat and it can’t go anywhere. They do not tend to have thick residual soils. |
| Does gullying often occur when a slope is plowed for farming? | Gullying often occurs when a slope is plowed for farming. |
| Glaciers weather surface rocks mainly through what process? | Physical weathering. |
| What are the types of mechanical weathering? | Freeze-thaw weathering or frost wedging. |
| When water freezes, its volume increases by about how much? | 9% |
| The rounding of a rock caused by collisions with other rocks is called what? | Abrasion. |
| What type of weathering most likely caused the formations in the diagram? | Carbonation. |
| Lichens and mosses erode rocks by producing what? | Organic acids. |
| Feldspar can be changed by hydrolysis into what? | Clay minerals. |
| Weathering in which thin sheets of rock flake off the surface is called what? | Exfoliation. |
| Uncontaminated rainwater is naturally acidic because of the presence of what? | Carbon dioxide. |
| Rusting is an example of what process? | Oxidation. |
| Underground limestone caverns are most often produced by what? | Dissolution of limestone. |
| What type of rock generally weather most rapid? | Sedimentary rocks. |
| What mineral is most resistant to weathering? | Quartz. |
| The rate at which conglomerates weather is most dependent upon the rock’s what? | Cementing material. |
| If a rock is weathering quickly, where is it likely located? (in the ground, above ground, on a slope, flat surface, etc.) | Rocks in tropical regions are exposed to abundant rainfall and hot temperatures. (Above ground.) |
| At which point in the diagram will weathering occur most rapidly? | Point C. |
| What best accounts for the damage to Cleopatra’s Needle after being moved to New York City? | Pollution. |
| Weathering is generally slow in climates with extended periods of what? | Cold. |
| What climatic conditions are most likely to cause accelerated weathering? | High temperatures and greater rainfall. |
| Which horizon in the diagram accumulates leached minerals? | B horzion. |
| Which layer in the diagram represents the soil’s parent rock? | D horizon. |
| Gulf states and states east of the Mississippi River generally have a soil type known as what? | Pedalfer. |
| Humus is made up mainly of what? | Organic material. |
| Give examples of a type of accelerated erosion. | Sheet, rill, gully, and tunnel (piping). |
| A pile of rocks that accumulates at the base of a slope is called what? | Talus. |
| A mass movement in which the upper soil layers thaw and flow are called what? | Soilfluction. |
| What is usually the slowest type of mass movement? | Creep. |
| Unstable movement of rock and soil along a curved slope is called a what? | A landslide. |
| oulders drop from a steep cliff. This is an example of what type of mass movement? | Rockfall. |
| Which farming method involves the construction of step-like ridges that follow the contour of a sloped field? | Terracing or Contour Farming. |
| In this diagram, which area represents a plateau? | A. |
| In the diagram above, the feature labeled C represents what? | Monadnock. |
| A flat landform that lies on top of horizontal rock layers near sea level is called a what? | A mesa. |
| Essay: What kind of climate does ice wedging usually occur in? | Temperate. Where water goes above and below its freezing point. |
| Essay: How do plants help weather rocks? How do animals help weather rocks? | Plants help weather rocks by retaining rainwater which can help chemical weathering take place. Tiny burrowing animals secrete acids or scrape their way into the rock to create rocky burrows. |
| Essay: How would Cleopatra’s Needle probably have been affected if it had been in the cold, dry climate of Siberia, instead of New York? | There is more weathering if there is more rainfall. |
| Essay:What is the difference between residual and transported soils? | The deposited soil transported from one place to another place by the natural forces of wind, water & glaciers is called transported soil. The soil which is deposited in its original parent rock is called residual soil. |
| Essay: Although desert and arctic climates are extremely different, their soils are similar. What is similar about their soils? Explain why. | They are both dry climates. The soils in both the desert and the arctic lack decomposed organic material leaving the soils, to be made mainly of eroded rocks. |
| What natural phenomena can trigger a landslide? | Landslides are caused by disturbances in the natural stability of a slope. |
| What three farming methods increase the rate of soil erosion? | Overgrazing, tillage, and heavy fertilization can also lead to crop fields eroding. |
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