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Chapter 5
Civil Liberties
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Civil Liberties | Rights - chiefly, rights to be free of government interference - accorded to an individual by the Constitution: free speech, press, and so on. |
| Due Process of the Laws | Denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property. |
| Equal Protection of the Laws | A standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government. |
| Freedom of Expression | Right of people to speak, publish, and assemble. |
| Freedom of Religion | People shall be free to exercise their religion, and government may not establish a religion. |
| Prior Restraint | Censorship of a publication. |
| Clear and Present Danger | Law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions. |
| Libel | Writing that falsely injures another person. |
| Slander | Oral libel; speech which falsely injures another person. |
| Symbolic Speech | An act that conveys a political message. |
| Free Exercise Clause | First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion. |
| Establishment Clause | First Amendment ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion." |
| Wall of Separation | Court ruling that government cannot be involved with religion. |
| Search Warrant | A judge's order authorizing a search. |
| Probable Cause | Reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion. |
| Exclusionary Rule | Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial. |
| Good Faith Exception | an error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in a trial. |
| Public Safety Exception | The police can question an un-Mirandized suspect if there is an urgent concern for public safety. |
| Inevitable Discovery | The police can use evidence if it would inevitably have been discovered. |
| Miranda Rule | requires that suspects be informed of their Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights "prior to interrogation" if their statements are to be used against them in court. |
| Sedition | The act of writing, publishing, or speaking slanderous speech about the government. |
| Obscenity | Inappropriate, lewd, or disgusting words or pictures. |
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BucketOfBananas
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