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Chapter 6

Civil Rights

TermDefinition
Civil Rights The rights of people to be treated without unreasonable or unconstitutional differences.
Separate but Equal The doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities.
Suspect Classification Classifications of people based on their race or ethnicity; laws so classifying people are subject to “strict scrutiny.”
De Jure Segregation Racial segregation that is required by law.
De Facto Segregation Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement.
Desegregation Undoing separation/segregation.
Integration Fair and equal treatment within a desegregated environment.
Remedy of the Court A remedy is a form of court enforcement of a legal right resulting from a successful civil lawsuit.
Civil Disobedience Opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment.
Police Powers State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals.
Equality of Results Having similar or equal results among individuals within a society.
Equality of Opportunity The belief that each person should have an equal chance at success and that no person should be limited by circumstances outside of her control.
Affirmative Action Laws or administrative regulations that require a business firm, government agency, labor union, school, college, or other organization to take positive steps to increase the number of African Americans, other minorities, or women in its membership.
Reverse Discrimination Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people.
Public Accommodations Things that help those in need have the same chances and experiences as those with disabilities in public settings.
Literacy Tests A test that limited African American's chances of voting.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Law signed by President Johnson that prohibited discrimination in public accommodations based on race or sex.
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.
Discrimination Treating people of different backgrounds and groups differently. (Treating one group as superior to another)
Rational Basis In regards to formal review for the government, the government must also have a legitimate interest that is rational and non-arbitrary.
Intermediate Scrutiny Policy which "serves an important government interest" and is "substantially related" to serving that interest.
Strict Scrutiny The standard by which "suspect classifications" are judged. To be upheld, such a classification must be related to a "compelling government interest," be "narrowly tailored" to achieve that interest, and use the "least restrictive means" available.
Gender Discrimination Prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender.
Feminism The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes.
Sexual Harassment Bothering a person (an applicant or employee) because of that person's sex.
Right to Privacy Restraint on the government from intruding on people's privacy.
Right of the Disabled Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications.
Gay Rights The legal and civil rights of gay people, especially the right to be treated without discrimination.
Created by: BucketOfBananas
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