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Anomie
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Anomie theory of deviance
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chapter 7-sociology

TermDefinition
Anomie Durkheim’s term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
Anomie theory of deviance Robert Merton’s theory of deviance as an adaptation of socially prescribed goals or of the means governing their attainment, or both.
Conformity Going along with peers—individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior.
Control theory A view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society’s norms.
Crime A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties.
Cultural transmission A school of criminology that argues that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions.
Deviance Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.
Differential association A theory of deviance that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts.
Differential justice Differences in the way social control is exercised over different groups.
Formal social control Social control that is carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers
Hate crime A criminal offense committed because of the offender’s bias against a race, religion, ethnic group, national origin, or sexual orientation. Also referred to as bias crime.
Index crimes The eight types of crime tabulated each year by the FBI in the Uniform Crime Reports: murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
Informal social control Social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule.
Labeling theory An approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaged in the same behavior are not.
law Governmental social control
Obedience Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure.
Organized crime The work of a group that regulates relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities, including prostitution, gambling, and the smuggling and sale of illegal drugs.
Professional criminal A person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals.
Sanction A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm.
Social constructionist perspective An approach to deviance that emphasizes the role of culture in the creation of the deviant identity.
Social control The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society.
Social disorganization theory The theory that crime and deviance are caused by the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions.
Societal-reaction approach Another name for labeling theory
Stigma A label used to devalue members of certain social groups.
Transnational crime Crime that occurs across multiple national borders.
Victimization survey A questionnaire or interview given to a sample of the population to determine whether people have been victims of crime.
Victimless crime A term used by sociologists to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired but illegal goods and services.
White-collar crime Illegal acts committed by affluent, “respectable” individuals in the course of business activities.
Created by: annieharris11
 

 



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