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Env Sci Ch 10 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a critical ecosystem with high species diversity called? | biodiversity hotspot |
| A species when the very last individual dies is called | extinct |
| Any species that is likely to become endangered if it is not protected is called | threatened |
| A species that is very important to the functioning of an ecosystem. | keystone species |
| This is done to protect groups of animal species by managing lands in a protected area. | habitat conservation plan |
| Any species whose numbers have dropped so low that it is likely they will become extinct | endangered species |
| Most unknown species in the world belong to this group | insects |
| A species that is not native to a particular region | exotic |
| We get many antibiotics from this group of organisms. | fungi |
| Members of a population may be prone to an inherited genetic disease if _______ takes place due to such a small population | inbreeding |
| Biodiversity is usually associated with | species diversity |
| Who has to enforce the endangered species act? | U.S. fish and Wildlife |
| Sweet potatoes, beans, tomatoes, and corn are native to what part of the world? | Central and South America |
| Preserving biodiversity is often difficult because: land is needed for agriculture, species may be food, land is needed for housing, OR all of the above | all of the above |
| Which types of organism are most in danger of extinction? those that migrate, those with small populations, those that need special food or habitats, OR all of the above | all of the above |
| The number of species classified and known to science is about | 1.7 million |
| The dodo bird, the ivory-billed woodpecker and passenger pigeons are all | extinct |
| Which of these is not a type of biodiversity? genetic, ecosystem, species, OR trophic | trophic |
| Which of these is a keystone species in the US Pacific coast? kelp beds, sea urchins, sea otters, OR starfish | sea otters |
| If a keystone species disappears, what happens to the overall number of species? | it goes down |
| What is the main keystone species in Yellowstone National Park? | wolves |
| A __________________ occurs when a species population shrinks and it looses genetic diversity. | bottleneck |
| When a population becomes very small __________________may occur which leads to mutations. | inbreeding |
| About how much of the drugs prescribed in the US come from plants? | 25% |
| _______________ are crops produced by combining genetic material from other populations. | hybrids |
| Why should biodiversity be preserved? ethical reasons, food variety, aesthetics/recreation OR all of these | all of these |
| What can support the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas? | ecotourism |
| The extinction of many species in a relatively short period of time is a | mass extinction |
| In the past there have been ______mass extinctions probably due to global climate change. | 5 |
| Between the years 1800 and 2100 , up to ______% of the species on Earth may become extinct. | 25% |
| Which species below is least likely to become extinct? | cockroaches |
| The Florida Panther is endangered due mainly to | habitat destruction |
| Which organism from California has nearly become extinct due to lead poisoning and pesticides? | condor |
| Thinning eggshells due to DDT pesticide nearly caused the loss of this animal. | eagles |
| Poaching and the ivory trade has caused this animal to be an endangered species. | elephant |
| Deforestation in Madagascar has caused these animals to become very endangered. | lemurs |
| The pacific coast fur trade nearly wiped out these animals populations. | sea otters |
| These animals have thin moist skin and they can be easily destroyed by water pollution. | amphibians |
| Which of these animals is endemic to Madagascar? | ring-tailed lemurs |
| Which of these is an area of critical biodiversity? tropical rainforest, islands, coral reefs, OR all of these | all of these |
| Which of these is an area of critical biodiversity? California Floristic Province, Hawaii, Florida Everglades, OR all of these | all of these |
| Which of these is an area of critical biodiversity? | California condor |
| What do you call the genetic material of a species that can be frozen and preserved. | germ plasm |
| What prohibits the catching and killing of endangered species in the US? | Endangered Species Act |
| The ______list is the most endangered species published by the IUCN. | red |
| The Convention on the International trade of Endangered Species (CITES) treaty helped stop | slaughter of African elephants |
| is hereditary material (chromosomes and genes) that is usually contained in the protoplasm of germ cells and may be stored as seeds, sperm, eggs, or pure DNA. | germ plasm |
| the variety of organisms in a given area, the genetic variation within a population, the variety of species in a community, or the variety of communities in an ecosystem. | biodiversity |
| a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait. | gene |
| a species that is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem in which it lives because it affects the survival and abundance of many other species in its community. | keystone species |
| tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas. | ecotourism |
| species that has been identified to be in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range, and that is thus under protection by regulations or conservation measures. | endangered species |
| species that has been identified to be likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. | threatened species |
| species that is not native to a particular region. | exotic species |
| the illegal harvesting of fish, game, or other species. | poaching |
| a species that is native to a particular place and that is found only there. | endemic species |
| designed to protect any plant or animal species in danger of extinction. | Endangered Species Act |
| a land-use plan that attempts to protect threatened or endangered species across a given area by allowing some tradeoffs between harm to the species and additional conservation commitments among cooperating parties. | habitat conservation plan |
| an international agreement aimed at strengthening national control and preservation of biological resources. | biodiversity treaty |
| What is genetic diversity? Why is it important for a population? | Genetic diversity refers to all the different genes contained within all members of a population. It is important because it gives a species a greater chance at survival. |
| How is biodiversity important for human use of medicine? Food? | About one quarter of the drugs prescribed in the United Sates are derived from plants, and almost all of the antibiotics are derived from chemicals found in fungi. History has shown that depending on too few plants for food is risky. |
| Understand the difference between species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity. | species- all the differences b/t populations of species, and b/t different species; genetic- all the different genes contained w/in all members of a population; ecosystem- variety of habitats, communities, & ecological processes w/in and b/t ecosystems. |
| How does biodiversity and changes to biodiversity affect the stability and sustainability of ecosystems? | We depend on healthy ecosystems to ensure a healthy biosphere that has balanced cycles of energy and nutrients. |
| Understand the biggest threats to biodiversity. What human activities are contributing to extinction? | the destruction of habitats, the introduction of nonnative species, pollution, and the overharvesting of species. |
| What are the biggest threats to coral reefs? | pollution, development along waterways, and overfishing. |
| How does preserving biodiversity come into conflict with human interests? | Real-estate developers may be prohibited from building in certain areas, and people may lose income and may object when their interests are placed below those of another species. |
| Know the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. | 1st Provision: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service must make list of endangered /threatened species in US. 2nd: protects listed species from human harm. 3rd: prevents fed. govt from projects that jeopardize a listed species. 4th: species recovery plan |
| How many species are there estimated to be on Earth? What are the most abundant species? How many are known? Why are so many still unknown? | approximately 10 million; insects are the most abundant; 1.9 million are known; Unknown species exist in remote wilderness, deep oceans, and even in cities. |
| How has biodiversity changed over the last 200 years? | the rate of extinction has increased dramatically |
| What is a biodiversity hotspot? Where do they tend to be located? | The most threatened areas of high species diversity on Earth; mostly tropical rainforests, coastal areas, and islands. |
| Why is it difficult to save individual species? What are some of the strategies used to protect individual species? What is a more effective conservation strategy? | You must keep & breed the animals in captivity but they rarely have enough knowledge or resources to save but a fraction of the world's population & they may not produce again or survive in the wild; protecting habitats is more effective |
| Understand national, international, and non-governmental efforts to protect biodiversity. | National - Endangered Species Act; International -CITES, BioDiversity Treaty, IUCN red lists; Non-Govt - World Wildlife Fund, Nature Conservacy, Conservation International |
| How can efforts to preserve endangered species can lead to conflicts? Be able to discuss this and provide examples. | An endangered species might represent a source of food or income. Or a given species may not seem valuable to those who do not understand the species’ role in an ecosystem. |
Created by:
aaswell