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Science Test Fossil
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment | Adaptation |
| the remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by the geological process usually in sedimentary rock. | Fossil |
| A record of what layer fossils are found in earth | Fossil Record |
| A group of the same animal | Species |
| the process by which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species arise | Evolution |
| the formation of a new species as a result of evolution | Speciation |
| a structure that is similar in position, structure or evolutionary origin. | Homologous Structures |
| A branching tree-like diagram used to illustrate evolutionary (phylogenetic) relationships among organisms. Each node, or point of divergence, has two branching lines of descendance, indicating evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor. | Cladogram/Phylogenetic tree |
| a plant or animal in an early stage of development | Embryo |
| a change in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule | Mutation |
| the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanisms of evolution. | Natural Selection |
| How are fossils formed? | Organism must die, be buried, soft parts of organism decays, sediment forms and turns into rock. |
| What type Fossil is this? Over time the mold fills with sediment | Cast |
| What type Fossil is this? a fossilized impression made in the substrate - a imprint image of the organism | Mold |
| What type Fossil is this? fossils of the actual animal or animal part | Body |
| What type of Fossil is this: fossilized nests, gastroliths, burrows, footprints | Trace |
| How do scientists determine the age of a fossil? | Radioactive dating and relative dating (place in the fossil record) |
| How does comparing fossils of different age help scientists? | Fossils indicate how a species may have changed or evolved over time. |
| Where would you find the youngest fossils? | Closer to the top of the fossil record; the most recent rock layer. |
| How does the fossil record provide evidence that organisms have changed over time? | Scientists are able to see small changes and see how an organism evolved over time. Fossil record can show the small adaptations that occurred over time. |
| What can homologous structures indicate about different organisms’ evolutionary history? | Homologies, or similarities in characteristics, between two organisms support the idea of a common ancestry of organisms. |
| In what ways do embryos change as an organism develops? | Embryos grow larger and develop more detailed features |
| What can similar features in embryos reveal about an organism’s history? | Similar features can indicate a common ancestor |
| What causes changes in populations? | Adaptations that allow a population to change in response to its environment |
| What does the phrase “survival of the fittest” mean? | The best-adapted organisms survive and reproduce in a specific environment. |
| How does natural selection aid a species in survival? | The species is able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Explain how a mutation can be advantageous. | A mutation can result in an advantageous trait that helps an organism better survive and reproduce in its environment. |
| Can be found by the radioactivity | Fossil Age |
| Found in the higher layers | Youngest fossils |
| Found in the lower layers | Oldest fossils |
| What are the types of fossils | Cast, Mold, Body, Trace |
| A variety of animals created by artificial selection | Breed |
| A rod-shaped or circular structure within a cell that is composed of DNA and proteins. | Chromosome |
| the genetic makeup of an organism | Genotype |
| the physical appearances of an organism | Phenotype |
| the arrangement of things in order that they occurred | Chronological Time |
| a specific part of an organism | Anatomy |
| Layers of rocks that are successively deposited on top of one another and are distinguishable from one another based on their mineral contents. | Sedimentary Layers |
| Scientists often compare the structure, or anatomy, of different species | Comparative Anatomy |
| are structures within an organism that are functionless. | Vestigal Structures |
| structures within different species that are adapted to perform the same function. | Analogous Structures |
| For a fossil to form it must... | Be buried quickly |
| Identify homologous, analogous or vestigial: bat wings, bird wings, and butterfly wings. | Analogous |
| Identify homologous, analogous or vestigial: the limbs of a dolphin, cat and human | Homologous |
| Identify homologous, analogous or vestigial: the wings of a bird that cannot fly. | vestigal |
| True or False: In addition to fossils, scientists examine organisms closely to identify clues about an organisms ancestry | True |
| What do organisms inherit from ancestors | Traits and DNA |
Created by:
JaydenWall13