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ECE 2 Target/Stn 04
ECE2-04 Exceptional Learners
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning Disability | Any of a range of issues that cause a student to be unable to learn in a typical manner. The cause is sometimes known and sometimes unknown |
| Developmental Delay | When a child's progression through predictable developmental phases slows, stops, or reverses. •Symptoms include slower-than-normal development of motor, cognitive, social, and emotional skills. (Behind other children) |
| Impairment | A physical or other shortfall that limits function. |
| At Risk | Students who face circumstances that could jeopardize their ability to complete school, such as homelessness, incarceration, teenage pregnancy, serious health issues, or domestic violence. |
| IEP (Individual Education Program) | A written document that itemizes a learning disability or condition and what can be done to support learning for that student |
| Inclusion | Educating a special needs student with the general education students in a general education classroom |
| LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) | Early childhood LRE refers to the Least Restrictive Environment where children receive their special education services. IDEA regulations require that students receive instruction with their peers in general education settings to the maximum extent possible. |
| Educable Cognitive Delay | capable of being educated, and possibly achieve some degree of self sufficiency |
| ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) | An inability to focus or a short than usual attention span |
| ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) | An inability to focus accompanied by an inability to control the urge to move constantly |
| ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) | a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social skills and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior |
| Speech Impairment | Difficulty in shaping sounds with the tongue and mouth. |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | A birth defect with profound effects caused by a mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy. |
| Giftedness | Intellectual ability significantly higher than average. |
| Temperament | How a person reacts to different circumstances. |
| Accessibility | the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible |
| IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) | a piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is tailored to their individual needs |
| ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) | a federal law that came into effect and forbids discrimination against disabled persons |
| Regulation 504 | A federal law designed to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities with agencies that receive government funding. Protects students with other health impairments |
| Accommodation | An adjustment to the lesson, activity or expectation to help students with learning challenges have academic success |
| Dysnomia | a difficulty with, or inability to, retrieve the correct word from memory when need |
| Dyscalculia | learning difficulty that affects an individual's ability to do basic arithmetic such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division |
| Dysgraphia | a neurological disorder of written expression that impairs writing ability and fine motor skills |
| Dyslexia | difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols |
| FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education) | All children with an Individualized Education Program (IEP) are entitled to this. This includes children who are eligible for special education from the ages of three (3) through twenty-one (21). |
| BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan) | a written improvement plan created for a student based on the outcome of the functional behavior assessment (FBA). The FBA should identify what is maintaining or causing a challenging behavior, and this plan specifies the actions to take to improve or replace the behavior. |
| EBD (Emotional Behavior Disorder) | include externalizing behaviors (characterized by aggression or outward disruption), and internalizing behaviors (including social withdrawal, depression, anxiety, and self-harm). Students with this disorder have varying levels of intelligence, academic ability, and social skills. |
| ID (Intellectual Disability) | Are limits to a person’s ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life. Levels vary greatly in children. |
| OHI (Other Health Impaired) | having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment due to a chronic or acute health problem. |
| SLD (Specific Learning Disability) | a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. |
| Cognitive Developmental Delays | refers to the condition of children whose intellectual function and adaptive behavior are significantly below the expected average for their age. |
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