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ECE 1 Target/Stn 06b
ECE1-06b Newborn and Infants
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reflex | an intensive automatic responses (i.e. rooting, swallowing, grasping) |
| Object permanence | the realization that an object still exists, even if it is out of sight. |
| Attachment (secure attachment) | the bond between a parent or primary caregiver and a child |
| Separation Anxiety | a child's fear or response to being away from the parent or primary caregiver |
| Developmental Milestones | an ability or skill that is usually achieved by a certain age (ie. walking) |
| Stimulating Environment | a space that is colorful and has many items that would motivate a child to grow and learn |
| Gross Motor Skills | body movements that use and coordinate large muscles (ie. arms and legs) |
| Fine Motor Skill | body movements that use and coordinate the small muscles (ie. the fingers and wrists) |
| Myelin | a waxy substance that coats the brain axons & makes information easier to transmit |
| Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) | a condition that results in brain damage and other problems due to the violent shaking of a baby |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | the unexpected and unexplained death of a baby, usually before 6 months of age. |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) | the detrimental outcome of a baby caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy |
| Cephalocaudal Principle | this is when a child first gains control of the head, then of the arms, and then the legs(head and face in first 2 mo, etc.) |
| Proximodistal Principle | this is when a baby's development proceeds from the center of the body (the core) outwards to the extremities |
| Physical Development | this is growth of the body, coordination, and strength; it partly depends on the nutrition the developing newborn/infant receives |
| Cognitive Development | the ability to increase knowledge and skill in the brain |
| Social Development | the ability to get along well with others, able to form healthy relationships |
| Emotional Development | the ability to understand what you are feeling, and how to behave appropriately in response to those feelings |
| Moral Development | the ability to know and practice the right behaviors based on a cultural standard of what is right and what is wrong |
| Neglect | a type of child abuse that fails to provide for the needs of the child |
| Cerebral Palsy (BD) | a birth defect that is the result of brain damage before, during or after delivery |
| Cleft Lip or Palate (BD) | a gap in the lip or roof of the mouth which causes difficulty eating, swallowing, speech and appearance |
| Cystic Fibrosis (BD) | a hereditary disorder affecting the digestion and respiratory systems; This disorder can lead to a shortened lifespan. |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy (BD) | a birth defect in which the inability to manage fatty acids causes loss of all physical function |
| Down Syndrome (BD) | a chromosomal disorder present at birth that may include cognitive shortfalls, problems with vital organs, and poor muscle tone |
| Muscular Dystrophy (BD) | a group of genetic diseases that cause the muscles to gradually weaken and break down (can be hereditary) |
| Sickle Cell (BD) | a disorder in which malformed red blood cells interfere with the supply of oxygen to the body |
| Spina Bifida (BD) | a genetic disorder indicated by an incompletely formed spinal cord |
| Tay Sachs (BD) | a genetic disorder that causes a baby to be unable to process fats in their food |
| Rooting Reflex | This reflex is a a basic survival instinct. It also helps the baby find and latch onto a bottle or the breast to begin feeding. When you gently stroke the corner of the baby's mouth with the nipple, the baby should instinctively turn his/her head toward it to nurse. |
| Moro Reflex | This is a normal reflex for an infant when he or she is startled or feels like he/she is falling. The infant will have a startled look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed. Absence of this reflex in newborn infants is abnormal and may indicate an injury or disease. |
| Palmar Grasp | This grasp reflex is a primitive and involuntary reflex found in infants of humans and most primates. When an object, such as an adult finger, is placed in an infant's palm, the infant's fingers reflexively grasps the object. |
| Babinski Reflex | Reflexes are responses that occur when the body receives a certain stimulus. This reflex occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe first and then it moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot. The other toes then fan out. |
| Walking (Stepping Reflex) Reflex | This reflex is also called the dance reflex because a baby appears to take steps or dance when held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface. This reflex lasts about 2 months. |
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