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Allele
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Codominance
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Genetics
For Genetics Unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | different forms of the same gene. |
| Codominance | Both Alleles are DOMINANT Neither is recessive Both expressed at the same time Examples: Roan Coat of a horse is RED & WHITE. NOT PINK. Some chickens are a mix of BLACK & WHITE feathers. |
| Dominant Allele | alleles show their effect even if the individual only has one copy of the allele. or observed traits of an organism that mask that recessive trait or A trait expressed in the phenotype if the dominant allele is present in the genotype. (B) |
| Genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited traits. |
| Genotype | genetic makeup, or allele combination, of an individual organism Example: AA, Aa, aa |
| Heredity | the process in which genetic traits are passed on from parents to offspring (children). |
| Heterozygous | Alleles for a trait are different or having two different alleles Bb Hybrid Example: Tt (tall) |
| Homozygous | Both alleles for a trait are the same or Having two identical alleles BB, bb Purebred or True-breeding Example: TT (tall) or tt (short) |
| Incomplete Dominance | No dominant or recessive alleles Phenotype of a heterozygote is: A blending/intermediate of both alleles A different phenotype than either homozygotes |
| Law of Independent Assortment | alleles for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently. EXAMPLE: just because you have one dominant trait (ex: brown eyes), does not mean that you have ALL dominant traits. |
| Law of Segregation | alleles are separated during the formation of gametes (sex cell/ sperm and egg). A gamete can only have ONE allele or THE OTHER T = Tall t = short |
| Multiple Alleles | more than two alleles present in the gene pool |
| Phenotype | observable, physical traits of an individual organism Example: brown eyes, tall plant, purple flower |
| Polygenic Traits | traits are controlled by the interaction of many genes. |
| Punnett Square | A Punnett Square is a diagram that shows all the possible gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross. |
| Recessive Allele | alleles only show their effect if the individual has both (2) copies of the allele. or trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of the trait or one that is seen only if both parents give the allele for the trait ( if both have b) |
| Sex Linked Trait | The gene for a trait is located on a sex chromosome (X or Y) Almost always will refer to a gene on the X chromosome Genes found on the X chromosome are called “X-linked” |
| Sex Influenced Trait | autosomal traits that are influenced by sex. |
| Genes | sequences of DNA that code for traits. or The characteristics in cells that determine what will be passed from parents to children Inherit ,to receive from a parent or ancestor |
| Traits | come from genes. or a characteristic that is inherited and can either be recessive or dominant |
| Inherit | to receive from a parent or ancestor |
| Learned Behavior | A learned behavior is one that an organism develops as a result of experience |
| Instinct | can be performed without any prior experience or training |
Created by:
nrnaugle
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