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Where are the adrenal glands located?
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**What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?
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Wk 3 Pharmacology II
Adrenal Glands, Male, and Female Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are the adrenal glands located? | Top of the kidneys |
| **What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete? | Cortisol (HC) and Aldosterone |
| What are glucocorticoids? Know examples | Regulates metabolism and brings down inflammation; HC, Prednisone, Triamcinolone, etc |
| **What are mineralocorticoids? Know examples | Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance; fludrocortisone |
| Which steroids are OTC and which are prescription? | Oral steroids and strong creams are RX; HC 0.5% and 1% cream OTC |
| What are the characteristics of steroids? | Slow acting, long lasting, names end in -rone |
| What is Addison’s Disease? | Little or no cortisol being produced |
| What is Cushing’s Disease? | Too much cortisol in the body |
| What 3 factors cause the hypothalamus secrete ACTH (adrenocorticotropin)? | Sleep wake cycle, Stress, Negative Feedback |
| What are side effects of anabolic steroid use? | Masculinization, hypogonadism (males), impotence, hair growth |
| Name the male and female gonads | Ovaries and Testes |
| What do LH and FSH do? | Building blocks for sex hormone production |
| Name some reproductive organs in women (think of INTERNAL organs) | Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina |
| Name the 3 different estrogens. Which one is the most abundant? | Estrone, Estradiol!!, Estriol |
| Prolactin | Milk production |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates uterine contractions during labor |
| What is ovulation? | Release of the egg |
| When in a woman’s cycle does she typically ovulate? For how long? | Days 11-17. 5 days |
| What are the gonads? | Sex hormone glands that also produce eggs and sperm |
| What are the gonads responsible for? | Producing the sex hormones |
| What drug is used in the treatment of breast cancer? What is its mechanism of action? | Tamoxifen; Anti-Estrogen |
| What is the generic for Plan B? | Levonorgestrel |
| What is the life cycle of sperm? | 70-75 days |
| What is BPH? | Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, happens in older males, the prostate grows and shuts off urethra flow |
| What are some causes of infertility? | PID, infection, low sperm count |
| What is the most common cause? | PID |
| Know about STDs. Which are viral, which are bacterial? | Viral: HIV/Aids, HSV, molluscum Bacterial: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea |
| What are the different types of contraceptive devices? | Barrier, IUD, Oral contraceptives, Spermicide |
| What are common side effects of BCP’s? | Weight gain, headaches, nausea/vomiting |
| Estrogen | Responsible for development of the secondary sex characteristics in women; decreases LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol |
| Progesterone | Maintain uterine lining for pregnancy, maintains a healthy prostate in men and is produced in the adrenal gland and testes (men) |
| **What are the risks associated with HRT? | Uterine cancer, blood clots, breast cancer, gallbladder disease |
| For a postmenopausal woman, which hormone is missing and needs replacement? | Estrogen |
Created by:
mrsbcni
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