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APUSH: Chapter 19
APUSH Chap 19: "Civilization's Inferno": The Rise and Reform of Industrial Citie
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Forbade the manufacture/sale of mislabeled food or drugs, it gave the government powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs to abolish drug trade. prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs |
| Chicago school | school of architecture dedicated to the design of buildings whose form expressed, rather than masked, their structure and function. - sociology practiced at the University of Chicago in that centered on urban settings and field research methods |
| mutual-aid society | urban aid society that served members of an ethnic immigrant group, usually those from a particular province or town. The societies functioned as fraternal clubs that collected dues from members in order to pay support in case of death or disability. |
| Race Riots | Migration of African Americans to Northern cities increased racial tensions, which led to violence in many cities. Conditions were no better in the South than in the North. - attacks by white mobs by street altercations or rumors of crime |
| Tenement | A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety |
| Vaudeville | A type of inexpensive variety show that first appeared in the 1870s, often consisting of comic sketches, song-and-dance routines, and magic acts |
| Ragtime | type of music featuring melodies with shifting accents over a steady, marching-band beat; originated among black musicians in the south and midwest in the 1880s - had ragged rhythm/beats |
| Blues | style of music evolving from African American spirituals and noted for its melancholy sound. derived from music at the cotton fields, spoke of heartbreak and hard work |
| Yellow Journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. alongside mass market newspapers |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public. were journalist who focused on the negativeness of America |
| political machines | Corrupt organized groups/local party bureaucracies that controlled political parties in the cities. Appealed to immigrants and urban poor; provided services in exchange for support. Think Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall |
| National Muncipal League | A political reform organization that advised cities to elect small councils and hire professional city managers who would direct operations like a corporate executive. - won support from smaller states |
| Progressivism | curbing the power of the corporation. fought to end corruption in gov, business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups. responded to the pressures of industrialization/ urbanization by reforms, combat the ills of industrialization |
| City Beautiful Movement | movement among progressive architects and city planners, who aimed to promote order, harmony, and virtue while beautifying the nation's new urban spaces with grand boulevards, welcoming parks, and monumental public buildings. |
| social settlement | community welfare center that investigated the plight of the urban poor, raised funds to address urgent needs, and helped neighborhood residents advocate on their own behalf. became a nationally recognized reform strategy during the Progressive Era. |
| Hull House | founded by Jane Addams & Starr. Settlement home designed as welfare agency for needy families. provided social, educational opportunities for working class people. improved some conditions - counseling, medical clinics, daycare centers YMCA |
| National Consumers League | formed in the 1890's under the leadership of Florence Kelly in New York, attempted to mobilize the power of women as consumers to force retailers and manufacturing to improve wages and working conditions. - where working conditions were fair |
| Women's Trade Union League | a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; 50 ended up jumping to their death; 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers |
| Scott Joplin | composer, son of former slaves, grew up in Texas-Arkansas border, "king of ragtime" |
| Tom Johnson | Reform mayor of Cleveland who sought to reduce political influence in public utilities, reduce streetcar fares, and increase public services for the average citizen - transformed democrats into clevelands leading reform party |
| Jacob Riis | Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890. influenced theodore roosevelt |
| Jane Addams | founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes, First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. |
| Margaret Sanger | American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. nurse, Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. & American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood. newspaper "What every girl should know" |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. - rotten packaging and was on account of workers plight |
| Florence Kelley | advocate., hull house worker for improving the lives of women, children. appointed chief inspector of factories in Illinois. helped win passage of the Illinois factory act in 1893 - prohibited child labor, limited women's working hours. part of the NCL |
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