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Enlightenment & Rev.
Term | Definition |
---|---|
EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND JUDICIAL | The three branches of government |
NO STRONG CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT | Thirteen colonies did not want the government to have control over its' people. |
BILL OF RIGHTS | The 10 Amendments guaranteed civil rights and individual liberties |
GEORGE WASHINGTON | Revolutionary war commander in chief. Named chief by the second continental congress |
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION | The first American constitution |
COPERNICUS | Significant figure in the scientific revolution. Proposed the idea of the universe being heliocentric (sun-centered) |
ISAAC NEWTON | Significant figure in the scientific revolution. Proposed the law of gravitation and law of inertia. Revolutionized science. |
FRANCIS BACON | Significant figure in the scientific revolution. Created the scientific method. |
JOHN LOCKE | Believed in tabula rasa (blank mind). Which meant people are molded by what they experience. |
VOLTAIRE | Fought against religious intolerance as well as mocked the government. He also advocated the principle that punishment should be equal to the crime committed. |
JEAN-JACQUE ROUSSEAU | Philosopher who created the social contract which said that society agrees to be a part of this contract to live in society, even if they don’t want to, thus being forced to be free. |
HANDEL | Wrote the Messiah, which traces the story of Jesus Christ |
TREATY OF PARIS | Favored the English. Forced the French to give up land to the English as well as to the Spanish. |
FRANCE | One of the most powerful countries in the world at the time. A huge figure in the 7 Years’ War. Lost an abundance of land. |
RENE DESCARTES | The father of modern rationalism. “I think therefore I am”. |
GENERAL WILL | Through the social contract people agreed to be governed by the general will of people. It aims toward the common good or common interest of people. |
DIDEROT | French writer who created the encyclopedia. |
HELIOCENTRIC | Sun-centered |
ELLIPTICAL | Egg-shaped |
GRAVITY | The law of gravitation found by Newton. |
KEPLER | Destroyed the Ptolemaic system. He developed laws which included that orbits were elliptical. |
PHILOSOPHES | From the French word meaning, “philosopher”, these people were writers, professors, journalists, economists, and above all, social reformers. |
SEPARATION OF POWERS | Gave limits to powers for each branch. (Checks and balances). Branches could check and balance each other. |
LAISSEZ-FAIRE | Meant to let people do what they want. Government should stay out of societies' self-interest. |
DEISM | A philosophy that stated reason and natural law ran the universe like a clock. |
ECONOMICS | Adam Smith is considered one of the founders of the modern social science of economics |
ROCOCO | Style of architecture in which its’ lightness and charm spoke of the pursuit of pleasure, happiness, and love. |
MESSIAH | Written by Handel. Discusses the story of Jesus Christ. Reinforced the teachings of the messages of hoping the Lord will return and create heaven on Earth. |
ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM | Best example was Maria Theresa |
MARIA THERESA | Maria Theresa was the most important ruler of the age of Enlightened Absolutism and one of the most famous Habsburgs |
MULATTOES | The offspring produced by Africans and Europeans through intermarriage. |
THE STAMP ACT | The act required that certain printed materials, such as legal documents and newspapers, carry a stamp showing that a tax had been paid to Britain. |
FEDERAL SYSTEM | New constitution created it. The Federal government was given the power to (levy taxes), (raise an army), (regulate trade) and (create a national currency). |
GALILEO | Discovered many astronomical discoveries using the telescope. |
NEUMANN | 1800s architect. Developed the rococo style. |
MESTIZOS | The offspring produced by Europeans and Native Americans through intermarriage |
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS WRITTEN BY | Thomas Jefferson |
FIRST TO DECLARE DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION OF THE AMERICAN STATE | The French |