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CH 06
Protein/Amino acid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cell | proteins |
| building block of protein and contain C, H, O, N. They composed of an acid and amine gp and unique side chain | amino acid |
| the COOH gp that is part of every amino acid | acid gp |
| nitrogen containing part (NH2) of an amino acid | amine group |
| side gp of an amino acid that provides it with its unique qualities | side chain |
| 9 amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtain through dietary sources | essential amino acid |
| 11 amino acids that the body can synthesize | non essential amino acid |
| subtance that precede a step or reaction | precursors |
| bonds that connect amino acids created when the acids gp of one amino acid is joined with nitrogen containing amine gp of another amino acid | peptide bond |
| alteration of a protein shape which changes the structure and function of the protein | denatured |
| limited supply of amino acids stored in your blood and cells and used to build new protein | amino acid pools |
| continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein. when the daily amount of degraded protein is equivalent to the amount that is synthesized you are in protein balance | protein turnover |
| nitrogen containing waste product that is excreted in your urine | urea |
| blueprint in cells that stores all genetic info. it remains in the nucleus of the cell and directs the synthesis of proteins | DNA |
| DNA segment that codes for a specific protein | gene |
| molecule that carries out the orders of DNA | RNA |
| type of RNA that copies the genetic info encoded in DNA and carries it out of the nucleus of the cell to synthesize the protein | messenger RNA |
| type of RNA that collects the amino acids within the cell that are needed to make a specific protein | transfer RNA |
| blood disorder caused by genetic defect in the development of hemoglobin. it causes the red blood cells to distort into a sickle shape and can damage organs and tissues | sickle cell anemia |
| ropelike fibrous protein that is the most abundant protein in your body | collagen |
| most abundant tissue in the body. Made up primarily of collagen it supports and connects body part as well as providing protection and insulation | connective tissues |
| substances that act as catalyst and speed up reaction in the body | enzymes |
| substance that aid and speed up reaction in your body without being changed damaged or used up in the process | catalysts |
| substance that often vitamins that are needed by enzymes to perform many chemical reaction in your body | coenzymes |
| equal distribution of water throughout your body and within and between cells | fluid balance |
| substance that help maintain the proper pH in a solution by attracting or donating H ions | buffers |
| protein made by your body to bind to and neutralize foreign invaders such as harmful bacteria fungi and viruses as part of body immune response | antibodies |
| state of having built up antibodies to a particular foreign substance so that when particles of the substance enter the body they are destroy by the antibodies | immunity |
| food capacity to be broken down so that it can be absorbed | digestibility |
| composition of amino acid in a protein | amino acid profile |
| protein that provides all the essential amino acids that your body needs along with some nonessential amino acid | complete protein |
| examples of complete protein | soy protein and protein from animal |
| protein that is a low in one or more of the essential amino acids | incomplete protein |
| amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein | limiting amino acid |
| incomplete proteins that are combined with modest amounts of animal or soy protein or with other plant proteins that are rich in the limiting amino acids to create a complete protein | complemented protein |
| PDCAAS | protein digestibility corrected amino acid score |
| sore measured as a percentage that takes into account both digestibility and amino acid profile and gives a good indication of the quality of protein | PDCAAS |
| lack of sufficient dietary protein and calories | protein energy malnutrition (pem) |
| state of PEM where there is a severe deficiency of dietary protein | kwashiorkor |
| state of PEM where there is a severe deficiency of calories that perpetuates wasting also called starvation | marasmus |
| person who doesnt eat meat fish or poultry or any food made from animal sources | vegetarian |
| naturally occurring phytoestrogen or weak plant estrogens which function in a similar fashion to the hormone estrogen in the human body | isoflavones |
| hormones responsible for female sex characteristic | estrogen |
| average grams of protein in an ounce of meat | 7g |
| occasional use of meat fish and poultry | semivegetarian |
| avoiding all animal product | vegan |
| avoiding meat fish poultry and dairy products | ovo vegetarian |
| avoid meat fish poultry | lacto ovo vegetarian |
| avoiding meat fish poultry and eggs | lacto vegetarian |
Created by:
rambo2