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Greece - Pacholski
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A body of land that is surrounded on three sides by water | peninsula |
| A settlement under the control of a usually distant country | colony |
| A government in which absolute ruling power is held by a person who is not a lawful king | tyranny |
| A group of citizens, in an ancient Greek democracy, with the power to pass laws | assembly |
| A government in which the ruling power is in the hands of ONE person. It is typically passed down through the family. | monarchy |
| A government in which power is held by the PEOPLE, who exercise power directly or through elected representatives | democracy |
| A member of the most powerful class in ancient Greek society | aristocrat |
| A person who has certain rights and duties in a city-state or nation | citizen |
| A government in which the ruling power is in the hands of a FEW people. | oligarchy |
| A peninsula forming the southern part of the mainland of Greece. | Peloponnesus |
| In Athens a group of 500 citizens chosen to form a council responsible for running the day to day business of government | Council of 500 |
| A marketplace in ancient Greece | agora |
| A city-state of ancient Greece, known for its military oligarchy | sparta |
| A small group of Spartans who made all the important governing decisions. | council of elders |
| Greek city-state that was the first to have democracy | Athens |
| Persian King who was eventually defeated by the greeks at the end of the Persian invasion of Greece | Xerxes |
| Persian King who ruled from 522-486. He was responsible for losing the Battle of marathon | Darius |
| Vast Empire from 550 to 330 BCE that ruled over lands in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia | Persian Empire |
| Long, narrow body of water between Europe and Asia. No swearing in SS | Hellespont |
| Soldiers who ride on horses | cavalry |
| War between all the Greece and Persia from 490-479 BCE | Greco-Persian-Wars |
| Art of writing, acting in, and producing plays | drama |
| The hill above a Greek city, on which temples were built | acropolis |
| Greek philosopher who taught by asking his students through provoking questions. He drank poison and died | Socrates |
| Athletic events, including horse races and chariot races, held as part of the festival called Panathenaea, honoring the goddess Athena | Panathenaic games |
| A traditional story that helps explain a culture's beliefs | Myth |
| Athenian leader who developed culture, democracy, and power during the Golden Age. | Pericles |
| A temple built on the acropolis above Athens, honoring the goddess Athena | Parthenon |
| A city in Egypt, founded in 332 BCE by Alex the Great, also, an ancient center of learning | Alexandria |
| Greek Philosopher that was Alexander's teacher. He had an appreciation for Greek culture | Aristotle |
| Practice that is common to people of a particular group or region | custom |
| Son of Phillip II. He conquered almost all of the known world at the time | Alexander the Great |
| Ancient Kingdom north of Greece | Macedonia |
| The war between Sparta and Athens. Sparta defeated Athens | Peloponnesian war |
| What type of government did Greece first have | Monarchy |
| Initially, how were kings chosen in Greece | After the king died the people would select a new one. |
| How did the aristocrats have more power than the kings | They were wealthy with soldiers and horses with armor |
| After the Greek monarchies ended, what type of government did most Greek city states adopt | oligarchy overthrew the monarchy |
| A problem with the oligarchies was that they would make laws that favored | the rich |
| What was the problem with Oligarchs and farmer debts | Sell themselves into slavery |
| who came and took power from the Oligarchies? | Tyrants |
| True or False: Most of the tyrants in Ancient Greece were fair to their people? | True |
| After the tyrants, Greece adopted _______________. This meant "rule by the people" | democracy |
| What were the two problems with Democracy at the time? | 1. powerful speakers persuaded ordinary citizens to vote unwisely 2. Frequently an assembly reversed important decisions |
| How did you qualify for citizenship in Athens (3 reasons) | 1. older than 18 2. men 3. Athenian born |
| What was the council of 500? | A group of 500 citizens who formed a council to run the day to day business of government |
| How did Athens get most of its food? | They got their food from trade. |
| What was the Athenian marketplace called? | agora |
| T or F: The boys and girls of Athens had the same education | false |
| For most Athenian women, what were their responsibilities? (2) | cook, clean (do chores) |
| Where did most Athenian slaves come from? | conquered areas (captive of wars) |
| In Sparta, what was the council of Elders | A small group of Spartans who made all the important governing decisions |
| What type of government id Sparta have | Oligarchy |
| why did Sparta discourage trade? | because they dislike foreign ideologies |
| what were Spartan slaves called | helots |
| What did Sparta use as their currency (Money)? | Iron bars |
| At what age would Spartan boys have to go into the military | 7 |
| True or False: Spartan girls received military training? | true |
| At what age could a Spartan male live at home with his family? | 30 |
| What age could a Spartan soldier retire from the military | 60 |
| Name 3 rights that Spartan women could have | 1. they were free to speak with their husbands friends 2. They could own and control their own land 3. They could marry again if husbands were gone too long |
| What happened when Sparta had the Helots gather 2000 of their best soldiers | They killed every one to eliminate Possible future helot leaders. |
| Who fought at the battle of Marathon? | Athenians and Persians |
| How many soldiers did each side have? | Athenians had 11,000 soldiers Persians had 15,000 land soldiers |
| Who fought at the Battle of Thermopylae | Persians vs Sparta |
| How many soldiers did each side have? | Sparta - 6000-7000 Persians = 200,000 |
| Who fought at the battle of Salamis? | Athenians vs Persians |
| What did the Persians do to Athens | They burned Athens to the ground |
| What was the last battle of the Greco-Persian War | Battle of Platea |
| Who won the Greco Persian war? | Greece |
| Who was the leader of Athens? | Pericles |
| What was his chief contribution to Athens | direct the rebuilding of the city |
| What was the most famous temple built in Athens | parathenon |
| True or False: Greed gods and goddesses were a part of everyday life for the Greeks | True |
| How did Greek sculptures create more realistic statues? | They made them life size, applied wax and hair, lips and headdress and sculpted muscles |
| T or F: Men were the only people allowed to act in Greek Plays | True |
| What crimes was Socrates brought to trial for? | He was questioning the Gods |
| What happened to Socrates? | He drank Poison and died. |
| who fought in the Pelopnnesian war? | Athens and Sparta |
| Who won the Peloponnesian war | Sparta |
| While the Greek City states were fighting each other, what kingdom was getting stronger | Masidonia |
| Who was the leader of this kingdom | King Phillip II |
| When he dies in 336 BCE who is next to take power? | Alex the Great |
| T or F: Alex the Great's famous teacher's name was Plato | False |
| After Alex the Great puts down a Greek rebellion, how did he unite all of Greece | He made a common |
| If you didn't surrender to Alex the Great, what would he do to your town? | burn it down and the people would be sold to slavery |
| What is the city of Alexandria most known for? | the largest libraries with millions of books |
| When alex the Great conqured the Egyptians and Persians, how would you react to their Gods? | honored their gods |
| T or F: After an Egyptian priest welcomed Alexander as "Gods son" Alexander denied that claim | false |
| Name 2 ways that Alexander adopted the ways of conquered people | he adopted the persians original system of government - he borrowed persians customs |
| Where was Alexander's army when they refused to fight for him anymore | Northern Inida |
| How old was Alex when he died | 33 |
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