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chapter 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| somatic cell | each have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one comes from the mother and one from the father totaling 46 |
| gamete | a sperm or egg, contains 1 set of chromosomes, produces by meiosis |
| autosome | the remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | determine the sex of the individual |
| haploid cell | a cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes |
| diploid cell | a cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes |
| sexual reproduction | two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents |
| asexual reproduction | one parent cell produces two identical daughter cells (clones) |
| synapsis/crossing over, paired homologous chromosomes, seperation of homologs during anaphase I | 3 events that occur during meiosis I but not mitosis |
| crossing over, independant assortment of chromosomes, random fertilization | 3 events that contibute to genetic variation |
| nonsister chromatids exchange DNA segments | crossing over |
| homologous pairs of chromosomes orient randomly at metaphase I of meiosis, there is so many different combonations to randomly assort into | independant assortment of chromosomes |
| any sperm can fuse with any ovum | random fertilization |
| meiosis I (prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis), meiosis II (prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II) | meosis stages |
| homologous chromosomes seperate; results in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes | meiosis I |
| sister chromatids separate; results in four haploid daughter cells with unreplicated chromosomes | meiosis II |
| Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information | prophase I |
| there are paired homologous chromosomes | metaphase I |
| it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate | anaphase I |