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Latin America People
Study Guide Test #2 Latin America and the World PEOPLE for MSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Bilbao? | Anticlerical Chilean, sees the church as stopping free thought and analysis, slavery of women as a result of being subordinate to their husbands. |
| Who was Sarmiento? | Argentinian liberal politician who fought against the Rosas dictatorship, "Civilization vs Barbarism", Facundo, wanted modernization and Europeanization |
| Who was Benito Juarez? | 1st indigenous President in post-colonial Americas, liberal politician who killed Maximillian, anticlerical Mexican. |
| Who was Gilberto Freyre? | Proud of African virtues and contributions, "The Masters and the Slaves" |
| Who was Jose Vasconcelos? | Mestizo pride, secretary of education, "La Raza Cosmica", radical Oaxacan who inspired the Mexican Revolution in 1910. |
| Who was Arevalo? | Pres of Guatemala 1945-51, received 85% of popular vote, implemented social security system, a new labor, health benefits, and gave up power off of Pres term. |
| Who was Arbenz? | Arevalo's Minister of Defense, became Pres in 1951 by vote, was deposed of in a CIA-sponsored coup to protect the profits of the United Fruit Company for implementing the Decree 900? |
| Who was Porfirio Diaz? | "Unleashing the Tiger", 1876 Diaz was President and his rule is called Porfiriato, gave away Mexican land to US, 30 year rule, wanted industrialism and modernism. |
| Who was Huerta? | Took power in Mexico following the assassination of Madero and Suarez and established a military dictatorship, hated by many, he was inefficient and repressive |
| Who was Diego Rivera? | Glorifies the Mexican Revolution, Indians, workers, and national projects, vilifies the conquest and colonialism, painted extravagant murals |
| Who was Getulio Vargas? | Was President of Brazil, established a bank to lend money to farmers upon educating, mining, agriculture, and roads |
| Who was Lazaro Cardenas? | Most important Mexican President, greatest constructive radical of the Mexican Revolution |
| Who was Carranza? | Known as the "first chief" in the constitutionalist faction in the Mexican Revolution, richer upbringing, enemy of Zapata because Z didn't believe he would push for land reforms. |
| Who was Madero? | "Plan de San Luis", author, calls out rule of Diaz, referred to as crazy by the Cientificos, calls for Diaz's removal and wants elections in Mexico; causes uprisings to oppose re-election from regular/working class, 1st Pres after Mexican Revolution |
| Who was Zapata? | Dangerous for moderates, demands land reform, is seen as a threat to social order since he says everyone should be equal, hero of indigenous Mexico, even carried around ancestral land claims from colonial era |
| Who was Juan Peron? | Juan Domingo, Peron of Argentina, populist, came to power in military coup in 1946, organized "Labor Party" |
| Who was Eva (Evita) Peron? | Juan Peron's wife, poor upbringing, star of radio and stage, helped get women the right to vote, charismatic, died at 32 |
| Who was Isabel Peron? | 2nd wife of Juan Peron, vice president when Juan was president a second time and took over when he died, political and economical conditions deteriorated and military took over |
| Who was Jose Marti? | "Our America", known as the apostle of Cuban independence, died fighting in Cuba against Spain for independence, wants LA's to promote their own identities and cultures |
| Who was Batista? | Dictator of Cuba backed by the US, mafia ties, fled Cuba and Castro took control |
| Who was Fidel Castro? | Used guerilla warfare to take back Cuba after exile, declared Cuba communist, US tries to kill him unsuccessfully over 600 times |
| Who was Che Guevara? | Castro’s second hand man, killed in Bolivia while fomenting revolution, martyred hero of leftists |
| Who was Sandino? | Leader of Nicaragua’s nationalist rebellion against US occupation of the country, becomes Pres, killed by Somoza. |
| Who was Somoza? | Led the Nicaraguan National Guard and killed Sandino in 1934, becomes dictator and his sons take power after him, takes a lot land and the poor get poorer under his rule. Brutal time. |
| Who was Kennedy? | US president, puts a blockade on Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, puts armed forces on heightened alert and ready to order a strike on Cuba |
| Who was Khrushchev? | USSR leader, sends missiles to Cuba due to fear of US missiles in Turkey |
| Who was Salvador Allende? | Popular politician who wanted peaceful and democratic transition to socialism, elected president of Chile in 1970 with only 36% of vote |
| Who was Herbert Spencer? | "Survival of the Fittest" |
| Who was Arthur Gobineau? | Helped develop the theory of the Aryan master race (Germanic Franks are superior), against interbreeding and inferior races |
| Who was Rudyard Kipling? | "The White Man's Burden", wrote a poem about the Spanish-American War that influences and justifies colonization and imperialism |
| Who was Samuel Morton? | American physician and scientist, "father of scientific racism", measured skulls to compare brain sizes and claimed from this there were 5 separate races with whites at the top and Africans at the bottom |
| Who was Charles Darwin? | Naturalist, took a 5 year voyage, theories: evolution, common descent, species multiply, gradualism, and natural selection; his theories are applied by political scientists and politicians to create social Darwinism |
| Who was Pinochet? | Overthrows Allende (who kills himself) with military, and takes over as a dictator for 18 years, eradicated leftists, Allende supporters fled, takes away freedoms, closes universities, etc |
| Who was Maximillian? | Emperor of Mexico invited by the conservatives, killed by the liberals |
| Who was Gustavo Guiterrez? | Liberation theology and advocated support for the poor |
| Who was Teddy Roosevelt? | US President and wrote the Big Stick Policy and invaded Cuba under it. |
| Who were the Sandinistas? | Began in 1967, take power of Nicaragua in 1979 with Daniel Ortega as President, double the number of hospitals, when voted out of office in 1990, goes peacefully. |
| Who was Daniel Ortega? | The President of Nicaragua after Somoza Debayle fled to Paraguay in 1979, member of the Sandinistas. |
| Who was Rutilio Grande, S.J? | Assassinated in 1977 by right-wing security forces |
| Who was archbishop Oscar Romero? | He was killed while officiating a mass in 1980 |
| Who was Farabundo Marti? | A Marxist-Leninist member of the Communist party, led the 1932 uprising against dictator Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez in El Salvador, and after execution was martyred and a hero. |
| Who was Jorge Ubico? | The dictator of Guatemala 1931-44 |
| Who was Carlos Castillo Armas? | Pres of Guatemala after Arbenz was taken out of office in 1954 coup, and US gives him $90 million after the Arbenz coup, then repealed Decree 900. Brutal military governments dominate for 40 years |
Created by:
CRO009
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