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Chinese Buddhist Art
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dunhuang Caves | A complex of Buddhist cave temples in Gansu Province, China, famous for their exquisite murals and sculptures, representing a major development in Chinese Buddhist art from the 4th to the 14th century. |
| Mogao Caves | A part of the Dunhuang cave temple complex, also known as the "Caves of the Thousand Buddhas," housing some of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist mural paintings and statues. |
| Yungang Grottoes | A UNESCO World Heritage site in Shanxi Province, featuring over 50,000 Buddhist statues and carvings from the 5th and 6th centuries, showcasing the early development of Chinese Buddhist sculpture. |
| Longmen Grottoes | Another UNESCO World Heritage site located in Henan Province, featuring tens of thousands of Buddhist statues and inscriptions, reflecting the pinnacle of Chinese stone carving during the Tang Dynasty. |
| Sakyamuni | The historical Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama or Shakyamuni, frequently depicted in Chinese Buddhist art, often seated in a meditative posture and displaying specific hand gestures (mudras). |
| Bodhisattva | A being who, on the path to Buddhahood, helps others achieve enlightenment. Commonly depicted in Chinese Buddhist art, bodhisattvas are often shown with ornate clothing and jewelry, signifying their compassion and wisdom. |
| Guanyin | The bodhisattva of compassion, also known as Avalokitesvara, widely revered in Chinese Buddhism and often depicted in various forms, including both male and female representations. |
| Maitreya | The future Buddha, believed to be born in the future to bring about a new age of enlightenment, often depicted seated with both feet on the ground, signifying his impending arrival in the earthly realm. |
| Mandala | A geometric representation of the cosmos in Buddhist art, used for meditation and visualization, featuring intricate designs and symbolism that can be found in Chinese Buddhist paintings. |
| Pure Land Buddhism | A popular Chinese Buddhist sect, focused on the belief in the Western Paradise of Amitabha Buddha, with artworks depicting the paradise's landscape and the welcoming descent of Amitabha to guide the deceased to the Pure Land. |
| Amitabha Buddha | The Buddha of Infinite Light, central to Pure Land Buddhism, frequently depicted in Chinese Buddhist art, often seated on a lotus throne and accompanied by bodhisattvas. |
| Ksitigarbha | A highly revered bodhisattva in Chinese Buddhism, known as Dizang in Chinese, who has vowed to save all beings in hell realms, before attaining Buddhahood. Ksitigarbha is often depicted as a monk holding a staff with six rings and a wish-fulfilling jewel |
| sutras | In Buddhism, an account of a sermon by or a dialogue involving the Buddha. A scriptural account of the Buddha. See also jataka. |
| Bushi | Japanese, “maker of Buddhist images.” |
| kondo | Japanese, “golden hall.” The main hall for worship in a Japanese Buddhist temple complex. The kondo contained statues of the Buddha and the bodhisattvas to whom the temple was dedicated. |
| Shingon | The Japanese term for the words or syllables recited in Buddhist rituals. Uppercase Shingon refers to the primary form of Buddhism in Japan through the mid-10th century. |
| mantra | Sanskrit term for the ritual words or syllables recited in Shingon Buddhism. |
| yosegi zukuri | A Japanese sculptural technique in which a statue is assembled from multiple wood blocks, each hollowed out to make the pieces lighter. |
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