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Genetics
Gregor Mendel 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Who is Gregor Mendel and why is he so important? | Mendel (a Monk) conducted experiments on pea plants that revolutionized the study of heredity. His discoveries formed the foundation of genetics, the scientific study of heredity. |
| 2. What is heredity? | Heredity is the passing on of physical characteristics from parents to offspring |
| 3. What did Mendel wonder when it came to pea plants? | He wondered why some pea plants had different characteristics, such as: 1. stem height - tall and short 2. seed color - green seeds and yellow seeds 3. Seed shape - round or wrinkled |
| 4. What did Mendel call each different form of a characteristic (Ex., stem height seed color and shape) he observed in the pea plants? | Traits |
| 5. What were some of the first observations Mendel made with pea plants? | He observed that some pea plants’ traits were similar traits to those of their parents ,while sometimes they were different traits to their parents. |
| 6a. (Before learning about Mendel's experiments) Recall what fertilization and pollination are? | pea plant's flower - when a pistil (female = sex cells or eggs) + stamen (male = pollen) join together = a new organism begins to form when the egg and sperm join in the process called fertilization |
| 6b. (Before learning about Mendel's experiments) Recall what fertilization and pollination are? | Before fertilization can happen in pea pants, pollen must reach the pistil of. a pea flower. This is called pollination. |
| 7. How do pea plants pollinate? | Pea plants are self - pollinating: self pollination means pollen from a flower lands on the pistil of the same flower |
| 8. Mendel observed that pea plants self -pollinate and developed a new method to change this. What is this method called? | Mendel developed a method by which he cross pollinated or “crossed” pea plants. To cross two plants - removed pollen from a flower on one plant - then brushed the pollen onto a flower of a second plant. |
| 9. In order to study the inheritance of traits in pea plants, what did Mendel do? | Mendel crossed plants with contrasting traits, ex., tall and short plants. starting with purebred plants. |
| 10. What are purebred plants? | A purebred organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait. Ex., purebred short pea plants always come from short parent plants. |
| 11. What method did Mendel develop in order to cross-pollinate or "cross:" pea plants? | To cross two plants, he removed pollen from a flower on one plant. Then he brushed the pollen onto a flower on a second plant. |
| 12.a What steps did Mendel take in order to prevent self-pollination | To prevent self-pollination, Mendel 1. removed the pollen producing structures from a pink flower. 2. He used a brush to remove pollen from a white flower on another plant and brushed this pollen onto the pink flower |
| 12.b What steps did Mendel take in order to prevent self-pollination | 2. He used a brush to remove pollen from a white flower on another plant and brushed this pollen onto the pink flower |
| 12.c What steps did Mendel take in order to prevent self-pollination | 3. The egg cells in the pan flower were then fertilized by sperm from the white wooer - after a tine peas formed in the pod. |
| 13. Mendel's Experiment - What were the purebred tall plants crossed with purebred short plants called? Hint what generation | The parent plants are called the parent generation or P generation. |
| 14. The offspring from the parent generation or P generation are called? | The first filial generation or the F1 generation. Latin filia - daughter and filius - son |
| 15. What did Mendel observe in the F1 generation? | The pea plants were all tall. Note : even though one of the parent plants was short, none of the offspring were short. The shortness trait seemed to disappear! |
| 16. Mendel allowed the F1 generation then to self pollinate and what was this new generation called? What traits for stem height were observed? | The second filial or F2 generation. They were a mix of tall and short plants. The shortness had reappeared, EVEN though none of the F1 parent plants were short - 3/4ths tall and 1/4th short |
| 17. When Mendel went on to cross pea plants with other contrasting traits, what did he ALWAYS observed in the F1 generation and then in the F2 generation? | In the F1 generation ONLY ONE form of a trait appeared. In the F2 generation, the "lost" form of the trait ALWAYS reappeared in 1/4th of the plants - TWO forms of the trait appears, but in different amounts. 3/4ths of one and 1/4th of the other. |
| 18. Summarize Mendel's results when he cross pollinated with purebred tall stemmed and purebred short stemmed for the F1 and then allowed the F1 generation to self pollinate and produced the F2 generations. | 1. F1 generation ALL offspring are tall stem 2. F2 generation 75% offspring tall stem and 25% offspring short stem |
Created by:
CMolo