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7559 American Gov.
American Government Final Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| House of Burgesses | the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly, the legislative body of the Colony of Virginia |
| Parts of the Declaration of Independence | The Declaration of Independence is made up of five distinct parts: the introduction; the preamble; the body, which can be divided into two sections; and a conclusion. |
| From where does the power come from stated in the Declaration of Independence? | From where does the power come from stated in the Declaration of Independence? |
| Legislative Branch | from the consent of the governed, |
| Why did Federalist agree to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? | They wanted to protect against a central government that was too powerful and could take away the freedoms they had fought a revolution to preserve. |
| U.S. Constitution v. Articles of Confederation | U.S. Constitution gave more power to the federal government and was a success, while the Articles created a confederation and failed. |
| Differences between the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists | Those who supported the Constitution and a stronger national republic were known as Federalists. Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in favor of small localized government were known as Anti-Federalists. |
| A major reason why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution | To ensure that the rights of American citizens was protected by the government |
| “Father of the Constitution” | James Madison |
| Checks and Balances ( 2 questions) | Principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power |
| First Amendment | The First Amendment provides that Congress make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise. It protects freedom of speech, the press, assembly, and the right to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. |
| Where did the Anti-Federalists believe the power was given in the original draft of the Constitution? | The Federal Courts |
| Federalists beliefs on the Constitution | Federalists fought for the Constitution. They favored weaker state governments, a strong centralized government, the indirect election of government officials, longer term limits for officeholders, and representative, rather than direct, democracy. |
| Some main areas for which the Constitution provides? | Separates the government into three branches, divides power between federal and state governments, and protects basic rights. |
| Election of 1800 | One party secured power over the other peacefully. |
| Veto | a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. a presidential power |
| Judicial Review | the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution |
| What court case established Judicial Review | Marbury v. Madison |
| Central idea of democracy | rule by the people |
| According to the Declaration of Independence, from where should the government derive their legitimacy? | Their people. |
| One goal of the American Revolution | Create a new system of self-governance. |
| Know what the 14th, 15th, 19, and 21st amendments were all about. (2 questions) | 14th grants citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States." 15th the right for African Americans to vote. 19th the right for women to vote. 21st ends prohibition |
| Political Machines | A political machine is a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives—money, political jobs—and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity. |
| Reapportionment of the Constitution | Apportionment measures the population so that seats in the U.S. House of Representatives can be correctly apportioned among the states. |
| The concept in the opening words of the Preamble | The preamble is an introduction to the highest law of the land; it is not the law, it is a statement from the people of the United States. |
| Procedures for a president to be removed from office | If a federal official commits a crime or otherwise acts improperly, the House of Representatives may impeach—formally charge—that official. If the official subsequently is convicted in a Senate impeachment trial, he is removed from office. |
| Pocketbook Vote | Voting based on individual financial concerns |
| What are the following course cases about?: a. Marbury v. Madison b. Roe v. Wade c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. McCullouch v Maryland | a. Established Judicial Review b. Legalized Abortion federally c. Created the "Separate, but equal" doctrine d. Established a National Bank |
| Cloture Motion | Cloture is a Senate procedure that limits further consideration of a pending proposal to thirty hours in order to end a filibuster. Senate Action of Cloture Motions, 1917-Present. |
| Formal qualifications to run for President and/or Congress | a natural born citizen of the United States, a resident for 14 years, and 35 years of age or older. |
| Due Process | fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. |
| How many amendments are in the Constitution today? | 27 |
| What are the Bill of Rights? | The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. |
| Double Jeopardy | the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense. |
| Refugees v. illegal aliens | Refugees is forced to flee from one country to another, while illegal aliens cross in direct violation of the law |
| Biggest entitlement program | Social Security |
| Magna Carta | Magna Carta was issued in June 1215 and was the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law. |
| Progressive Tax v. Flat Tax | Progressive Tax is dependent on income, while Flat Tax is the same for all. |
| What do Article I, II, and III establish in the Constitution | The Three Branches of Government |
| What did the framers of the Constitution intend to establish? | In the Preamble to the Constitution, the framers outlined their general goals: to create a just government and to insure peace, an adequate national defense, and a healthy, free nation. |
| Establishment Clause | the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress. |
| Federalism | a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system. |
| Steps for an amendment to be adopted | An amendment is proposed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress. It then must be ratified by three-fourths of the State legislatures, or three-fourths of conventions called in each State for ratification. |
| Articles of Confederation | the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789. |
| Civic Duty v. Jury Duty (2 questions) | Civic Duty: tasks bestowed upon citizens according to their government to ensure a balance between protection and allegiance. Jury Duty: the obligation to act or a period of acting as a member of a jury in court. |
| Closed Party v. Open Party | Closed Party: Voters can only vote in the primaries of the party they are affiliated with. Open Party: Voters can vote in the primaries for any party |
| Who is responsible for forming the boundaries of the US congressional districts? | Congress |
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RachelMladenoff
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