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Government Test 10
Government Test 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Foreign Policy. | A nation’s set of plans and procedures for dealing with foreign countries. |
| A country’s foreign policy reflects its... | Political values. |
| What are the five goals of foreign policy? | 1.) National Security. 2.) Establishing free and open trade. 3.) Promoting world peace and a healthy environment. 4.) Supporting democracy. 5.) Providing aid to people in need. |
| Define isolationism. | A notion should tend to its domestic affair rather than to international affairs. |
| What are the ways to apply foreign policy? | 1.) Realism. 2.) Neoisolationism. 3.) Idealism. 4.) Isolationism. |
| Define internationalist. | Foreign policy that promotes cooperation between nations. |
| What do realists believe? | Realists perceive many countries or t |
| Realists support the United States forging alliances with... | Any nation that will serve our national interest, or the country’s economic, military, or cultural goals. |
| What does neonationalism mean? | The U.S. should keep its foreign involvement to a minimum because such involvementwould be bad for the other nations. |
| Many neoisolationists feel obligated to... | Avoid war and believe intervention in another country’s affairs may lead the United States into prolonged military conflict. |
| What does idealism mean? | An international approach because it is good for other countries as well as the U.S. |
| An idealist opposes alliances with _____________ governments, no matter how useful such an alliance might be to U.S. interests. | Authoritarian. |
| What are embassies? | Diplomatic centers that nations maintain in other countries around the world. |
| What is a treaty? | A formal agreement between nations. |
| Who approves treaties? | The Senate. |
| What is a defense alliance? | An agreement to come to another nation’s aid in the event of an attack. |
| What is collective security? | The attempt at keeping international peace and order. |
| What are economic sanctions? | The policy of withholding money or banning trade with a country and its allies in order to bring about social or political change in that country. |
| What types of tools can be used in foreign policy? | 1.) Diplomatic tools. 2.) Economic tools. 3.) Military tools. |
| Why might the U.S. impose economic sanctions. | -To show it condemns such practices as communism. -To force a change in such practices. -To limit economic assistance that could be used to continue such practices. |
| What are some types of economic sanctions? | -Total ban on trade or restrictions on certain trade items. -No foreign aid or restrictions on foreign aid. -No arms sales or limits on arms sales. -No loans or investments or limits on loans and investments. |
| Define national security. | The security and defense of a sovereign state, including its citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government. |
| Define trade embargo. | Diplomatic centers that nations maintain in other countries around the world. |
| Define consulate. | The office of a consul. A type of diplomatic mission, it is usually subordinate to the state's main representation in the capital of that foreign country, usually an embassy. |
| Define ambassador. | An accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country. |
| Define passport. | An official document issued by a government, certifying the holder's identity and citizenship and entitling them to travel under its protection to and from foreign countries. |
| Define visa. | An endorsement on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, leave, or stay for a specified period of time in a country. |
| Define Monroe Doctrine. | President James Monroe’s statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of hostility. |
| Define Truman Doctrine. | The principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. |
| Define containment. | U.S. policy adopted in the late 1940s to stop the spread of Communism by providing economic and military aid to countries opposing the Soviet Union. |
| Define North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). | An alliance of countries from Europe and North America. |
| Define multilateral treaty. | A treaty to which two or more sovereign states are parties. |
| Define bilateral alliance. | When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations. |
| What is realism? | A nation should take an international approach to foreign policy. |
| Which belief supports economic and humanitarian assistance to the less-fortunate? | Idealism. |
| Why do neo-isolationists believe it best to leave other countries alone? | People being kept down by the oppressors should be left to over throw their rulers without outside help since the people might resent a foreign government's intervention. |
| Why do the isolationists believe in staying away from other countries? | The U.S. has many domestic problems and we should focus on those. -Most countries think about their own interests, so should the U.S. . -Staying out of other countries' affairs will keep the U.S. out of war. |
| Why is the U.S. set up to support the isolationist views? | The U.S. is in a military defensible location, so we do not need to become involved in other nation's affairs. |
| When did the isolationist views become popular? | The 1800s and time between WW1 and WW2. |
| True or false: | |
| How does the President affect foreign policy? | Commander in chief. Can take military action without declarations of war. Public face of foreign policy. Represents the country’s foreign policy in front of the rest of the world. Country’s ambassador. |
| How does Congress affect foreign policy? | Declare war and approve treaties. Introduce resolutions concerning foreign policy. Initiate foreign policy by establishing programs... Appropriate funds. Advising the executive branch. |
| How does the CIA affect foreign policy? | Gathers and processes information about foreign countries. They learn about the defense systems of other nations. And give the information discovered to give foreign policy. Engages in covert, or secret, activities to advance U.S. foreign policy goals. |
| How does the Department of State affect foreign policy? | Can advise on diplomatic relations. They tell the President what they believe to be the best diplomatic policies and help introduce him or her to topics of interest. |
| How does NATO affect foreign policy? | They help maintain peace and security internationally, develop friendly relations between countries, help co-operations, and help attain common ends. They discuss things such as globalization, human rights, and armed disagreements. |
| Define Just War Theory. | The idea that a state may justly go to war under certain specific circumstances and must limit its conduct according to certain standards. |
| True or false: The vast majority of U.S. military interventions have not been declarations of war. | True. |
| How does the Department of Defense affect foreign policy? | Provide the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security. Analyze and advise the President from a defense point and recommend steps to prevent other countries from attacking. Does what's best for the country. |
| How does the National Security Council affect foreign policy? | Created to manage the government departments that deal with national security. The national security adviser heads the NSC and has become a top military adviser. |
| Who is the current Secretary of Defense? | Lloyd Austin. |
| Who is the current Secretary of State? | Antony Blinken. |
| Just war theory provides a... | Moral context for deciding when to wage and how to conduct war. |
| What are 4 principles that define the decision to declare war? (3rd principle is in the question that's labeled "What questions do the states need to consider before they declare war?" | -A state must openly declare a war for it to be just. In addition, the state must have a just cause for declaring war. -The state must also have just intentions. Justice, rather than self-interest. -Limits the war’s goal to an outcome of a just peace. |
| What questions do the states need to consider before they declare war? | Is there a reasonable chance of winning the war? Do the expected benefits of the war outweigh the costs? Have all other means of resolution been exhausted? |
| The leading U.S. foreign policy agency is... | The Department of State. |
| What does the Department of State do? | It manages international relations and coordinates the foreign policy efforts of other executive departments. It also maintains embassies and consulates around the world. |
| What is the Secretary of State? | The highest-ranking member of the president’s cabinet, is the head of the agency. |
| The Department of State comprises of... | Numerous bureaus and offices, each relating to a different region of the world or issue. |
| Define foreign service. | U.S. State Department employees who work in foreign countries. They not only carry out U.S. foreign policy but also provide crucial information for the policy makers back home. |
| What does the Secretary of Defense do? | Heads the Department of Defense and is a member of the president’s cabinet. The secretary is part of the National Security Council and also the North Atlantic Council, which directs NATO actions. He or she works closely with the secretary of state. |
| What is the Joint Chiefs of Staff? | Includes the chiefs of staff of the army and the air force, the navy’s chief of naval operations, and the commandant of the marine corps. These members of the military advise the secretary of defense, the National Security Council, and the president. |
| Define presidential doctrine. | Statements made by the president that guide the direction of U.S. foreign policy. |
| Congress must be officially notified of an agreement the President has made within... | 60 days. |
| Define diplomatic recognition. | The presidential power to formally recognize the legitimacy of a foreign government. |
| Who ratifies treaties? How many people are needed? | The Senate. -2/3. |
| Who can declare war? | Congress. |
| The Constitution balances the president’s power as commander in chief with Congress’s power to... | Declare war, to raise and support armies, and to provide and maintain a navy. |
| What does the War Powers Resolution state? | That if a president sends troops into action, he or she must inform Congress within 48 hours. Unless Congress then issues a declaration of war or approves continued action, U.S. forces must be withdrawn within 60–90 days |
| As _______, he or she determines whether the United States will officially acknowledge a government as the proper representative of its country’s people. | Chief of State. |
| Interest groups supply information to the public and to policy makers. Give an example. | Congress ratified the Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement, a trade agreement with five Central American nations and the Dominican Republic. The agreement, known as CAFTA. |
| What is the Sierra Club? | It's a large interest group that promotes the enjoyment and protection of the environment. It studied the language of CAFTA and how it provided for protection of the environment. |
| What is internationalism? | Approach to foreign policy that promotes cooperation between nations. |
| What is the USAID? | Agency responsible for carrying out the nonmilitary foreign aid programs of the United States. |
| What is the United Nations (UN)? | An international organization of peace and cooperation. Nearly the entire world—192 nations—belongs to the United Nations. |
| What are the purposes for the UN? | -Maintain international peace and security. -Develop friendly relations based on respect for equal rights and self-determination. -Achieving co-operation in solving international issues. -Center for finding common grounds. |
| How does the UN work? | Each member state gets one vote. Votes on critical matters—regarding international security, for example— require a two-thirds majority |
| What can the General Assembly of the UN do? | The General Assembly is an advisory body only. It cannot force any member state to follow its recommendations. |
| What is the UN Security Council? | The division of the United Nations that is charged with maintaining international peace and security. |
| The Security Council has the authority to... | Impose economic sanctions, order arms embargoes, and engage in peacekeeping and collective military action. |
| Who are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? | China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States. |
| What does the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) do? | Coordinates the efforts of dozens of UN organizations and more than 2,700 nongovernmental organizations, or NGOs. Much of focus is directed toward raising living standards in developing countries and encouraging universal respect for human rights. |
| What does the World Health Organization do? | It works to fight disease and improve public health in developing countries. |
| What is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), also known as the World Court? | The General Assembly and the Security Council jointly elect 15 judges to serve on the World Court. Judges serve nine-year terms, and no two may be from the same country. Only states may be parties in cases before the World Court. |
| Is there appeal with the ICJ? (World Court) | No. All verdicts are final. |
| What is a trust territory? | A colony or territory placed under administration by another country or countries. |
| What is the Trusteeship Council? | The UN charter originally charged the Trusteeship Council with administering the UN trust territories. The five permanent members of the Security Council at present make up the Trusteeship Council, which now only meets on an as-needed basis. |
| Administration and coordination of UN efforts takes place in the... | Secretariat. |
| What is The World Trade Organization (WTO)? | The premier international trade organization. |
| What is The International Monetary Fund (IMF)? | It was originally founded to help the world economy recover from the effects of World War II and to prevent the conditions that had led to the economic collapse of the Great Depression. |
| The WTO must be... | Equal/Fair. |
| Today, the IMF boasts near-global membership and focuses primarily on... | Loaning money to less-developed countries. The IMF attempts to help such countries end this cycle and stop them from defaulting on their loans. It offers short-term loans and technical assistance to turn around the economies of debtor nations. |
| The World Bank was created to... | Address the reconstruction needs of post–World War II Europe as well as aid developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. |
| What does the World Bank do? | It provides long-term loans and technical assistance to developing nations for specific development projects, such as road building or teacher training, or for specific sectors of the economy, such as agriculture. |
| The International Criminal Court was established to... | Prosecute individuals forgenocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. |
| What does the ICC do? | The ICC is treaty-based and prosecutes individuals, not states. Its purpose is “to promote the rule of law and ensure that the gravest international crimes do not go unpunished.” |
| The ____ delivered the world’s first international court judgment on genocide in 1998. | ICTR. |
| Define democratization. | U.S. foreign policy of promoting the establishment of democratic governments in other nations. |
| What are some foreign policy challenges? | -Nuclear and biological arms control. -The future of NATO. -Human Rights abuse. -Curbing drug trafficking. -Trade with China. -Global Warming. -Arab Israel Conflict. -9/11. |
| Define preemptive attack. | The use of force before a potential attack occurs. |
| What was the Korean War? | Korea was divided into two countries: a Communist north and a non-Communist south. Following a 1950 invasion of the South, troops from the United States and other nations were sent by the United Nations to help defend South Korea. |
| What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? | In 1962 the Soviet Union began secretly installing nuclear weapons in Cuba. Worried about the implications of nuclear arms so close to U.S. soil, President JFK ordered a naval blockade to stop Soviet ships from transporting missiles to Cuba. |
| What was the Vietnam War? | Communist forces helped Vietnamese nationalists secure independence from France in 1954. The cease-fire agreement divided Vietnam into a non-Communist South Vietnam and a Communist North Vietnam. U.S. aid to South Vietnam began in the mid-1950s. |
| Define dentente | A policy of relaxing of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. |
| Define deterrence. | The policy of building up the U.S. armed forces in order to discourage acts of military aggression by other nations. |
| What doctrine led to isolationism in the U.S.? | Monroe Doctrine. |
| What was the Cuban fight for independence? | Cuba was one of the last of Spain’s holdings in the Americas, and Cubans had long been unhappy with Spanish rule. Americans’ sympathy with Cuba’s struggle for independence, as well as growing public support for U.S. expansion in other areas of the world. |
| Which foreign policy challenge led to the creation of the League of Nations? | World War 1. |
| Goals of Foreign Policy. | 1.) Maintain National Security. 2.) Support Democracy. 3.) Promote World peace. 4.) Provide Aid to People in Need. 5.) Establish Free and Open Trade. |
| Why do we need to maintain National Security? | To protect the rights of the people of the U.S. |
| Why do we need to promote World Peace? | The more nations that are at peace, the less likely the U.S> will be drawn into conflict. |
| Why do we need to establish free and open trade? | The exchange of goods and services across national borders without restrictions. |
| Which foreign policy believes that there should be an active role when dealing with foreign affairs? Why? | Realism. -Some countries are dangerous and need to be dealt with. |
| Which foreign policy believes that we should use force to show we are military strong? What else does this party believe when it comes to alliances? | Realism. -Primary goal should be to gain allies that are military strong and strategically located not because of their values. |
| Which foreign policy believes you should stop violations of human rights? | Idealism. |
| Congress's greatest source of influence in foreign-policy making lies in its constitutional authority to __________. | Economic Sanctions. |
| To protect U.S. commercial interests in foreign countries, the United States maintains _______ in many of the world's major commercial centers. | Export Controls. |
| The Department of Defense helps the president carry out foreign policy by handling all U.S. _________ | Military. |
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