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Music EOY rev
West African drumming, the Blues & Opera
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is music passed down in African Drumming? | through oral tradition, rather than written |
| Where would African Drumming be played? | to communicate, celebrate, mourn, inspire and at a religious festival |
| What is polyrhythm? | a rhythm which plays two different rhythms at once |
| What is improvisation? | making up your own piece of music on the spot |
| What is ostinato? | a short sequence of notes which repeats throughout the piece |
| What is call and response? | when one person plays a phrase and everyone responds with the same or another phrase |
| What is syncopation? (2) | - a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of rhythm - stresses on the off-beats |
| What type of song is 'Tse, Tse Kule' | A nonsense song |
| What does 'djembe' mean? | 'to gather' |
| What does a djembe look like? (3) | - it is a goblet shaped wooden drum - it has animal skin stretched over the top - it has complex rope knotting attaching the skin to the drum |
| What are the different pitches of the drum? | Bass (centre) Open (outer section) Slap (edge) |
| What is a dundun? | - the biggest drum - all 3 sizes are often played by 3 musicians |
| What does a dundun look like? (3) | - it has skin at both ends - it is played with a stick - there are 3 sizes: kenkeni, sangban & dunumba (in size order) |
| How would you make a djembe from scratch? (4) | 1. Carve a block of hardwood into a goblin shape 2. Hollow out the wood making it resonate. The thickness affects the tune and volume 3. Stretch an animal (goat) skin tightly over an opening. 4. To fine- tune the drum, adjust tension on the ropes |
| What role does the Djembe play in the ensemble? | It is usually played with many other djembes and one lead djembe |
| What role does the Dundun play in the ensemble? | Played with all three sizes of dunduns and small bell is often attached to each drum |
| How would beating with your hand rather than a stick sound different? | larger surface area would mean less sharp, short sounds, and elongated, echoing beats |
| What instruments can be used as part of the percussion ensemble? (3) | -bells -shakers -whistles |
| Who is the master drummer? (2) | - the most knowledgeable and gifted drummer in the group - be able to perform rhythms, songs and dances from all ethnic groups |
| What does the master drummer do? (3) | - they are a member of the ensemble that guides it - they have commands such as stop, start, speed up, slow down - improvises solos |
| What is a cyclic pattern? | - a simple rhythm, layered and varied to create complex results - CYCLIC refers to a repeating pattern, also known as an ostinato |
| Where and when did the blues develop? | In the Southern states of the USA in the late 19th century |
| When did the Blues gain popularity? | after the abolition of slavery in America in 1865 |
| What style of music is the Blues? | A number of common elements: jazz, funk, rock n' roll & R n' B |
| What is the Blues trying to express? | - voicing their woes and troubles - they are slow in tempo to feature depressing lyrics |
| What song forms do the Blues use? | - call and response - field hollers - work songs |
| What is the usual formation in Blues songs? | the first line is repeated |
| What happened in the Great Migration? (2) | - many black families moved out of the rural South to the bigger cities for a better life - Blue performers were part of the move, and reached a wider audience |
| What are the different sub-genres of the Blues that emerged? (3) | Delta: featuring slide guitar, soulful Country: personal style with rural locals, guitar or harmonica Electric: refined style in big cities, performed in bars and clubs |
| What common instruments were used in blue songs? (4) | - brass instruments (with mutes) - acoustic, bass, electric guitar - accordion - drum kit |
| What is the 12 bar blues song structure in the Blues? | Bar 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 & 10 are the call vocals Bar 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 & 12 are the response intsruments |
| What is the 12 bar blues chord progression in the Blues? | Bar 1, 2, 3 & 4: chord I (A) Bar 5 & 6: chord IV (D) Bar 7 & 8: chord I (A) Bar 9: chord V (E) Bar 10: chord IV Bar 11 & 12: chord I (A) |
| What are the three chords used in all the blue songs? | I, IV, V |
| What is a riff in the Blues? | Repeating patterns played on a chord progession |
| What is a swing rhythm in the Blues? | A rhythm where notes with equal time values are performed with unequal durations, usually long and short. |
| Where was Purcell born? | In Westminster |
| Where is Purcell buried? | Westminster abbey |
| What major events happened in Purcells's life | - becoming a chorister: the position allowed him to compose music for royal occasions - compositions for theatre: he created a wide range of works: odes and anthems. He made Dido and Aeneas at this time |
| What is the tone of minor tonality? | the mood becomes darker and portrays more negative emotions |
| What is the tone of major tonality? | the mood brightens and portrays positive, jollier emotions |
| What does melismatic mean? | when a composer uses more than one note per syllable to make the word last longer |
| What does syllabic mean? | when a composer uses one note per syllable to make the word sound confident and clear |
| What is libretto? | the text of an opera |
| Who wrote the text for Dido and Aeneas? | Nahum Tate |
| What is Basso continuo? | two instruments which accompany the singer in recitative (cello and harpsichord) |
| Who are the main characters in the opera and what role do they play? (5) | Dido: the queen of carthage Aneas: a trojan prince A sorceress: hates Dido Mercury: the sorceress's servant Belinda: Dido's lady-in-waiting |
| What is a Recitative? (3) | - dialogue sung in the rhythm of ordinary speech with many words on the same note - freedom of rhythms - story told quickly |
| What is an Aria? (3) | - a composition for a solo voice - strictly in time - text is repeated several times |
| What is a Duet? | a musical composition for two performers |
| What is a Chorus? | a group of people who sing together, or part of a song that is repeated |
| What instrument accompanies a recitative? | SECCO: a cello & harpsichord ACCOMPANIED: a cello, a harpsichord + strings |
| What instrument accompanies an aria? | a whole orchestra, or a piano |
| What instrument accompanies a duet? | Harp, guitar, flute, trumpet, violin ... |
| What instrument accompanies a chorus? | Nothing: vocal |
| What are the four orchestral families? (4) | - strings - violin, cello, double bass, harp - woodwind - flute, piccolo, clarinet, oboe - percussion - timpani, glockenspiel, xylophone, drums - brass - trumpet, trombone, french horn, tuba |
| What are the different textures of music? | thick and thin |
| What is the different timbre of music? | bright, metallic, dark, rough |
| What are the different types of pitch? | high and low |
| What are the different types of tempo? | fast and slow |
| What are the different types of dynamics? | loud and soft |
Created by:
sara-s xxx
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