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ICVP - Isolation
Isolation Nursing and Zoonoses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Is Isolation Nursing? | The care of patients with infectious disease. |
| Define Isolation | The segregation and separation of an infected or potentially infected animal from uninfected animals. |
| Define Barrier Nursing | Precautions taken when nursing an animal in isolation, creating a barrier between patients. |
| Why Is Barrier Nursing Important? | -To prevent the spread of disease. -Protect other hospitalised patients. -Protect practice personnel. -Provide holistic care to isolated patients. |
| What Is Reverse Barrier Nursing? | -Protective isolation. -Used to protect non-infectious but highly susceptible patients from infection. |
| What Are Some Common Isolation Cases? | -Canine Parvovirus. -Infectious Canine Hepatitis. -Leptospirosis. -Feline Panleukopenia. -Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease. -Feline Leukaemia Virus. -Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. -Myxomatosis. -Rabbit Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD). |
| What Are Some Direct and Indirect Routes Of Transmission? | Direct - Contact with an infected animal. Indirect - Aerosols, vectors, fomites. |
| What Are Some Potential Routes Of Infection In The Vet Practice? | -Shared ventilation between isolation and non-isolation areas. -Contaminated table tops, floors and cages. -Contaminated human footwear, hands, arms and clothing. -Inadequately sterilized or disinfected instruments, etc. -Direct contact. |
| What Are Some Important Aspects Of An Isolation Ward? | -Ventilation (6 -10 air changes/hour). -Temperature. -Thermostatically monitored (18-21°c). -Signage. -Disease clearly noted. |
| What Is The Role Of A Specified Nurse In Isolation Nursing? | -No duties in other patient areas except isolation. -Provides intensive nursing and holistic nursing care. |
| What Are Some Examples Of PPE Needed In The Isolation Ward? | -Footbaths/shoe covers/different shoes. -Disposable PPE (gloves, apron, etc). |
| Where Should All Waste Coming From An Isolation Ward Go? | Clinical waste bin (yellow bin). |
| What Is An Isolation Antechamber? | -An entry way to isolation, separate room to prepare to enter isolation. |
| What SOPs Are Required For An Isolation Ward? | -How to prevent cross contamination between patients. -Protection for the nurse and other personnel involved from infectious body fluids and objects. -Appropriate hand hygiene techniques. -Cleaning and disinfection. |
| Define Infectious Disease | A disease caused by pathogens that can successfully invade and grow in the host’s tissues. |
| Define Pathogen | Microorganism that can cause disease (bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa). |
| How May Pathogens Leave The Body? | -Ocular discharge. -Saliva. -Serous Nasal Discharge. -Vomit and Faeces. -Blood. -Milk. -Urine. |
| Define Zoonotic Disease | An infectious disease which is transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans. |
| Define Zooanthroponosis | Reverse zoonosis. A pathogen in humans that is capable of being transmitted to non-human animals such as MRSA. |
| Give Some Examples Of Zoonotic Disease? | -Ringworm. -Leptospirosis. -Lyme's disease. -Toxoplasmosis. -Campylobacter. -Salmonellosis. -Rabies. |
| Define Notifiable Disease? | -Animal diseases that you’re legally obliged to report to the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), even if you only suspect that an animal may be affected. -Can be endemic – already present in the UK, or exotic – not normally present in the UK. |
| Give Some Examples Of Notifiable Disease? | -Brucellosis. -Rabies. -Anthrax. -Avian Influenza. -Bovine Tuberculosis (TB). -Foot and Mouth disease. |
| How Can Disease Be Diagnosed? | -Medical history. -Client history. -Clinical examination. -TPR. -Laboratory tests. |
| What Pathogens Is Kennel Cough Caused By? | -Bordetella bronchiseptica. -Parainfluenza virus. -Canine Adenovirus. -Reovirus. -Herpesvirus. |
| What Is The Incubation Period For Kennel Cough? | 5-7 days. |
| What Are The Clinical Signs Of Kennel Cough? | -Dry cough. -Occasional retching. -Mucopurulent nasal discharge. -Pyrexia. -Possible ocular discharge. -Lethargy. |
| Define Pathogenesis | Process in which the disease develops. |
| Define Incubation Period | Time between infection and first symptoms. |
| How Can Kennel Cough Be Treated And Prevented? | -Anti-inflammatories. -Antibiotics. -Antitussives. -Rest. -Vaccination. |
| What Are The Potential Complications To Kennel Cough? | -Immunocompromised patients. -Chronic infection. -Bronchopneumonia. |
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