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The heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular system | the heart, along with the blood and blood vessels. |
| Cardiovascular functions | distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and take away carbon dioxide and other wastes. |
| The heart beats. | approximately 100,000 times each day. |
| Heart pumps | 8,000 liters of blood |
| The blood vessels can be subdivided in to | Pulmonary circuit (carries blood to and from the lungs) and the Systematic circuit (transports blood to and for rest of the body) |
| Arteries | carry blood away from the heart. |
| veins | return blood to the heart. |
| Capillaries or Exchanges vessels | are thin-walked narrow-diameter vessels that connect the smallest arteries and veins. |
| Four chambers of the heart | Right atrium and right ventricle and lef atrium and left ventricle. |
| Which separates the two pleural cavities? | the heart is surrounded by the pericardium and lies within the anterior portion of the mediatinum |
| The pericardial cavity is lined by | The pericardium |
| Visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium) | covers the heart's outer's surface. |
| Parietal Layer of serous pericardium | lines the inner surface. |
| Coronary sulcus | a deep groove, marks the boundary between the atria and the ventricles.. |
| Muscular myorcadium | the bulk of the heart |
| Endocardium | lines the inner surface of the heart |
| Endothelium of the endocardium | is continuous with the endothelium of the attached great vessels. |
| The atria is separated by: | Interatrial septum |
| Ventricles are divided | Interventricular septum |
| The right atrium receives blood from | Systematic circuit via two large veins. Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava |
| The atrial walls contatins | Pectinate muscles, prominent muscular ridges. |
| Tricuspids valve are in the | Right atrioventricular valve |
| By the Tricuspids valve | Blood flow from the right atrium into he right ventricle |
| The tricuspids valve opening is bound by three. | cusps, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles |
| This opening is bounded by three. | cusps fibrous tissue braced by the chordae tendineae, which are connected to papillary muscles. |
| Blood leaving the right ventricle enters by | Pulmonary trunk after passing through the pulmonary valve. |
| The pulmonary arteries are divided into | Left and right pulmonary arteries |
| Pulmonary veins (left and right) | return blood from the lungs to the left atrium. |
| Blood leaving | left atrium flow in the left ventricle through the mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve or bicuspid valve) |
| Aortic valve | Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through. and into systematic circuit by the ascending aorta. |
| Anatomical differences between the ventricles reflect the functional demands placed on them. | The wall of the right ventricle is relatively thin, whereas the left ventricle has a massive muscular wall. |
| The connective tissue of the heart | mainly collagen and elastic fibers. |
| Cardiac Skeleton | Support the heart's valves and ventricular muscles cell. |
| Regurgitation (backflow) | Valves normally permit blood flow in only on e direction preventing. |
| Coronary circulation | Meets the high oxygen and nutrient demands of cardiac muscle cells. |
| Coronary arteries | Originate at the base of the ascending aorta. |
| Arterial anastomoses | Interconnection between arteries. Ensure a constant blood supply. |
| Epicardial vessels | Great posterior, small anterior and middle cardiac veins. |
| The epicardial vessel carry | blood from the coronary capillaries to the Coronary Sinus. |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | Portions of the coronary circulation undergo partial or complete blockage. |
| Myocardial infarction (MI) or Heart Attack | Occurs when part of the coronary circulation becomes blocked and muscle tissue dies when it cannot be oxygenated. |
| Two general classes of cardiac muscle cells are involve in the normal heartbeat | Autorhythmic cells and contractile cells. |
| The conducting system | Is composed of the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node and conducting cells. Initiated and distributes electrical impulses within the heart. |
| Nodal cells | Establish the rate of cardiac contraction and conducting cells distribute the contractile stimulus form the SA Node to the atrial myocardium and the AV node (along internodal pathways) and form the AV node to the ventricular myocardium. |
| Unlike skeletal muscle | Cardiac muscle contracts without neural or hormonal stimulation. |
| Pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node (cardiac pacemaker) | normally establish the rate of contraction |
| SA node the stimulus travels | to Atrioventricular (AV) nod and the to the AV bundle, which divides into bundle branches. |
| Purkinje fibers | convey the impulse to the ventricular myocardium. |
Created by:
Maguirre1537
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