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Light and Sound
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wave | A means of transferring energy from one point to another |
| Harmonics | Frequencies of a fundamental frequency |
| Resonance | The transfer of energy between two bodies of the same natural frequency |
| Sound Intensity | The rate at which energy is crossing through each square metre of area, at right angles to the direction in which the sound is travelling. (W/m^2) |
| Threshold of Hearing | The minimum intensity audible to the average human ear at a frequency of 1KHz (1x10^-12) |
| Threshold of Pain | Intensities above 1W/m^2 cause pain and may cause permanent ear damage |
| Doppler Effect | The apparent change in frequency of a sound due to the relative motion of the source of a sound compared with the observer. approach = f= cf/c-v; away = f= cf/c+v |
| Laws of Reflection | 1. The incident ray, the normal and the reflected ray are all in the same plane 2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection |
| Laws of Refraction | 1. (Snell's Law) sin i/sin r is constant, this constant is known as the refractive index of the medium and is denoted by n 2. The incident, the normal and the refracted ray are all in the same plane |
| Critical Angle | The angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the less dense medium is90 degrees |
| Total Internal Reflection | This occurs when the angel of incidence in the denser medium exceeds the critical angle |
| Transverse Wave | A wave in which the vibrations are at right angles to the direction in which the energy is travelling |
| Longitudinal Wave | A wave in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction in which the wave is moving. |
| Wavelength | The distance between two successive crest |
| Amplitude | The maximum displacement from the baseline |
| Frequency | The number of complete cycles of a wave passing a point per second (Hz) λ = v/f |
| Period | The time taken for one complete cycle of a wave |
| Refraction | The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to the next |
| Diffraction | The spreading out of a wave beyond an obstacle |
| Spectrometer / Grating Formula | dsin0 = nλ |
| Interference | Interference occurs when two or more waves meet - amplitude of the resultant wave is equal to the algebraic sum of the amplitudes of the interfering waves. |
| Coherent Source | Sources are coherent if they are in phase and have the same frequency |
| Polarisation | This is when vibrations of a wave are confined to one plane only |
| Dispersion | The separating out of white light into its constituent colours |
| Primary Colours | Red, Green, Blue - together they combine to give white light |
| Secondary Colours | Yellow, Cyan, Magenta - these are produced when primary colours are mixed in equal intensity |
| Complementary Colours | When a primary colour and a secondary colour combine to give white light |
Created by:
Muireann Creswell
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