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section 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which muscles may be overactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat? | Tensor fascia latae and adductor complex |
| Which of the following is a recommendation when assessing skinfold measurements? | Take a minimum of two measurements at each site; each measurement must be within 1 to 2 mm to take an average at each site. |
| What tests should be performed last in the overall assessment flow? | Performance assessments |
| If Joe takes a 6-second heart rate count on his client and notes 8 beats, what would his client’s heart rate be? | The client's heart rate would be 80 beats per minute if Joe takes a 6-second heart rate count on his client and notes 8 beats. |
| Which of the following is not a component that needs to be considered when planning a VT1 test? | Environmental temperature |
| For which population is the 1.5-mile (2.4-km) run test considered most valid? | College-aged athletes |
| Which of the following tests is designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal sprinting speed? | 40-yard dash |
| Which muscles are typically overactive in association with lower crossed syndrome? | The hip flexors and lumbar extensors (low-back muscles) are typically overactive in association with lower crossed syndrome. |
| What is the definition of anthropometry? | The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion |
| What is a body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body? | Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) |
| Which of the following exercises is typically used to measure maximum strength of the upper extremities during a pushing movement? | Bench press strength assessment |
| Into which category would a resting blood pressure score of 128/79 mm Hg fall? | Elevated |
| Which type of assessment evaluates the position of the musculoskeletal system while the body is standing still? | Static posture assessment |
| Which muscles are typically underactive in association with lower crossed syndrome? | Abdominals |
| Which of the following waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) places Amy (a female) in the high-risk category for cardiovascular disease? | WHR of 0.88 |
| What depth is suggested for the overhead squat assessment? | Femur parallel to ground |
| Which of the following exercises is typically used to measure maximum strength of the lower extremities? | Squat |
| Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to arms falling forward during the overhead squat assessment? | Latissimus dorsi |
| How can systolic blood pressure be defined? | Systolic blood pressure is the pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; it is the first (top) number recorded. |
| Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the single-leg squat? | Gluteus maximus and medius |
| What is the physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool the body and shivering to warm the body? | Thermoregulation |
| Which type of assessment is typically performed first in the assessment flow? | Static posture |
| How can diastolic blood pressure be defined? | The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded |
| How is heart rate collected during the YMCA 3-minute step test to evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness level of an individual? | It is measured over a 60-second count immediately following the test. |
| What do you visualize to detect the movement impairment shoulder elevation? | The shoulders moving upward toward the ears |
| Which skinfold sites are measured if determining body composition via the Durnin-Womersley protocol? | Biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac |
| Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat? | Gluteus maximus and medius |
| Which of the following tests is used to measure lower-extremity power? | Vertical jump |
| In most individuals, to what pressure is the blood pressure cuff inflated when measuring resting blood pressure? | In most individuals, to what pressure is the blood pressure cuff inflated when measuring resting blood pressure? |
| In most individuals, to what pressure is the blood pressure cuff inflated when measuring resting blood pressure? | The cuff is inflated to a value of 20 to 30 mm Hg above the point at which the pulse can no longer be felt at the wrist. |
| How often is it recommended to reassess clientele? | Every month |
| What step cadence is used during the YMCA 3-minute step test? | A cadence of 96 steps per minute |
| What do you visualize to detect the movement impairment of knee valgus? | The knees collapsing inward |
| What principle is hydrostatic underwater weighing based upon? | Archimedes' principle |
| Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to the excessive forward trunk lean during the overhead squat assessment? | Gluteus maximus |
| What population is the VT2 talk test appropriate for? | Individuals with performance goals |
| What does BMI (body mass index) assess for? | Whether a person's weight is appropriate for their height |
| When sequencing physiological assessments, which of the following would produce a better result if measured immediately after exercise rather than before exercise? | Flexibility |
| What is best defined as the action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body? | Peripheral vasodilation |
| In which BMI category would you classify Mary if she has a BMI of 17.5? | Underweight |
| Which of the following represents a criterion for terminating an exercise test or exercise bout that involves exertion? | Any indication of chest pain or angina-like symptoms |
| Which muscles are typically underactive in association with upper crossed syndrome? | Lower trapezius |
| Which type of assessment measures overall strength, stability, muscular endurance, and agility? | Performance assessment |
| Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pulling assessment? | Lower trapezius |
| What is Bernadette’s waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) if she is measured with a waist circumference of 28 inches and a hip circumference of 33 inches? | 0.85 |
| Which type of assessment assesses the alignment of the body while in motion? | Dynamic posture assessment |
| How is upper crossed syndrome characterized? | Forward head and protracted shoulders |
| Which muscle or muscles would be considered overactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pulling assessment? | Upper trapezius and levator scapula |
| What interventions are suggested for an individual with a resting blood pressure of 134/86 mm Hg? | Some lifestyle changes coupled with some medical monitoring |
| What is the best description of a steady-state heart rate? | Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed |
| Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to the low back arching during the overhead squat assessment? | Hip flexor complex |