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WVP - H&S
Health and Safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Are Some Hazards Of Working In The Vet Practice? | -Handling and restraint of patients, lifting. -Handling and administration of drugs. -Waste disposal. -Anaesthetic gases and ionising radiation. -Chemicals. -Zoonoses. -Work equipment. -Long hours, stress and emotional factors. |
| Who Are At A Higher Risk Of Hazards In The Vet Practice? | -Asthma. -Pregnancy. -Age. -Musculoskeletal conditions/injuries. -Allergies. |
| What Are The Individual Costs Of Accidents/Occurrences? | -Serious injury/disability/death. -Development of disease/ill health. -Loss of ability to work (or work at previous levels). -Loss of earning capacity. -Poorer employment prospects. -Impact on family and social life. -Prosecution costs. |
| What Are The Business Costs Of Accidents/Occurrences? | -Sickness payments. -Recruitment and training for new staff. -Loss of output, key staff absent, replacement staff not as effective. -Damage to machinery, equipment, etc. -Administrative costs. -Insurance costs, legal, adverse publicity, prosecution. |
| How Is Health And Safety Enforced? | -Health and safety inspections from the local authority. |
| What Are The Criminal Sanctions For Not Following Health And Safety Guidelines? | -Improvement/prohibition order for place of work. -Fines for either business or individual (unlimited in crown court). -Imprisonment (max 2 years, life for manslaughter). -Disqualification for up to 15 years for directors or companies. |
| What Legislation Is Relevant For Health and Safety? | -Health and Safety At Work Act 1974. -Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. -COSHH 2002. -Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992. -RIDDOR 2013. -Electricity at Work Regulations. -Fire Precautions Act 1971. |
| Who Does The Health and Safety At Work Act 1974 Apply To? | -Employers. -Employees. -Visitors. |
| When Must A Practice Have A Written Health and Safety Policy? | -When the practice has five or more employees. |
| What Are Some Legal Employer Responsibilities Under The Health And Safety At Work Act 1974? | -To have employer liability insurance. -Health and safety policy. -Health and safety law poster displayed. -Have an appointed competent person to manage health and safety. -RIDDOR. |
| What Are Some Legal Employee Responsibilities Under The Health And Safety At Work Act 1974? | -To take reasonable care for your own health and safety as well as others. -To co-operate with your employer so far as is necessary to enable the legal requirements to be met. -Not to intentionally/recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided. |
| What Are The Main Points Of The Management of Health and Safety At Work Regulations (amended) 1999? | -Health and safety requirements need to be monitored, ensuring that arrangements in place remain adequate. -Following steps need to be in place: planning, organisation, control, monitoring, review. -Use of a risk assessment. |
| How Do Risk Assessments Work? | Examine what in the practice could cause harm to people, so that decisions can be made as to whether there are suitable precautions in place, or if improvements are required. |
| What Should Risk Assessments Include? | -Where activity takes place. -Potential hazards. -Risks and identify who is at risk. -What control measures are already in place. -What training is needed. -What to do in an emergency. -When the risk assessment needs to be reviewed. |
| Define Hazard | Something that has the potential to cause harm. |
| Define Risk | The likelihood of the hazard to cause harm. |
| What Are The Main Points Of COSHH 2002? | -Management of risks associated with hazardous substances. -Includes all pharmaceutical products and chemicals in the practice. -Assessments must be made of all potential hazards and risks and adequate control measures must be put in place. |
| How Should Hazards Be Assessed? | -The nature of the hazard. -The route of exposure. -First aid required. -Preventative measures. -Members of staff at greater risk. -Correct recording of an exposure. |
| Name Some COSHH Rules For When Working With Chemicals? | -Never eat, drink. -Adequate ventilation. -Use the necessary PPE. -Ensure the chemical is appropriate for use. -Correct concentrations. -Keep the chemicals in their original containers, labels intact and legible. -Store and dispose of correctly. |
| What Is Manual Handling? | Lifting, carrying, putting down, pushing, pulling, moving or supporting a load by hand or using other bodily force. |
| What Are The General Provisions Of The Manual Handling Regulations 1992? | -Avoid hazardous manual handling as far as is reasonably practical. -Assess any hazardous manual handling that cannot be avoided. -Reduce the risk of injury as far as reasonably practical. -Take into account persons loading capacity. |
| How Do X Rays Cause Harm? | -X-rays = EM spectrum. -Produce biological changes in living tissues by altering the structure of atoms or molecules or by causing chemical reactions. -Can be harmful to normal tissues and thus a safety hazard. |
| What Are Some Potential Harmful Effects Of Radiation? | -Inflammation. -Blood disorders. -Death of tissue. -Death or mutation of developing foetus. -Damage to gonads. -Infertility. -Production of tumours. |
| Why Is The Danger Of X-Rays Often Underestimated? | -They are painless. -They are invisible. -The effects are not evident immediately. -Their effects are cumulative. |
| Where Are The Sources Of Radiation Exposure On An X-Ray Machine? | -Tube head. -Primary beam. -Secondary radiation (scatter). |
| What Causes Secondary (Scatter) Radiation? | Produced when particles of energy from the primary beam hit a surface, (such as tissue or inanimate object) and ‘bounce’ off the surface at random and like x-rays travel in straight lines. |
| How Can We Reduce Secondary (Scatter) Radiation? | -Tight collimation of the primary beam. -Use of appropriate exposure factors. -Lead lined table. -Stand a minimum of two metres away from the primary beam when an exposure is taken (controlled area). -Use of PPE and lead screens. |
| What Are Some Provisions Of The Ionising Radiation Regulations 2017? | -People involved with radiography must be protected. -Follow specific guidelines set out. -Radiography must only be taken if there is a clinical justification. -Exposure should be kept to a min and dose limits not exceeded. -HSE visits, records kept. |
| Under The Ionising Radiation Regulations 2017, What Two People Must The Practice Appoint? | RPS = Radiation protection supervisor (vet or rvn in practice). RPA = Radiation protection advisor (SQP not employed by practice, will inspect practice). |
| What Are Some Provisions For The X Ray Controlled Area? | -Must be large enough to allow people to stand at least two metres from the primary beam. -If not possible a lead screen must be used. -Must be clearly labelled with a red warning light displayed. -On light and exposure light. |
| When Might Conscious X-Rays Be Taken? | If sedation or the induction of anaesthetic would prove life threatening. |
| What Equipment Can Be Used To Aid Patient Positioning For X-Rays? | -Ties. -Sandbags. -Troughs. -Foam Wedges. -Sticky Tape. |
| What Information Should Be Present On A Radiograph? | -Patient identification. -Date of radiography. -Left/right markers where indicated. -Other relevant detail e.g. contrast media information. |
| Are There Any Age Restrictions On Staff Taking X-Rays? | -People aged 16-18 years have restrictions on radiography work. -They have a lower MPD (maximum permitted dose) and should not be allowed in the controlled area. Their bodies are still developing and so at a slightly greater risk. |
| Who Else May Be Restricted From Taking X-Rays? | Pregnant women. |
| Where Should Personal X-Ray Dose Meters Be Worn? | On the trunk beneath the lead apron. |
| What Are The Two Different Forms Of Dose Meter? | Film Badge = Contain a small piece of x-ray film and usually blue. Thermoluminescent Dosemeters = Contain radiation sensitive lithium fluoride crystals – usually bright orange or purple. |
| How Do X-Ray Dosemeters Work? | -Supplied by the NRPB. -Changed periodically - old meters returned to NRPB. -Report forwarded indicating exposure of staff. -Reports must be kept for at least 2 years. |
| What Is The Maximum Permissible Dose? | This is the amount of radiation that can be received by the body or a specific part of it without causing harm. |
| What Is Radiation Measured In? | Millisieverts (mSv). |
| What Protective Lead Clothing Is Available For X-Ray? | -Aprons. -Gloves or sleeves. -Thyroid guards. -Eye protection (not always used in practice). |
| Why Must Lead Aprons Not Be Folded? | Can lead to undetected cracks in the materials. |
| What Are The Minimum Requirements Of The Health And Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981? | -Access to a suitably stocked first-aid box. -Appointed person to take charge of the first-aid situation. |
| What Equipment Should Be Stored In A First Aid Box? | -Leaflet with general advice on basic first-aid. -20 x individually wrapped adhesive dressings, assorted sizes. -Two sterile eye patches. -Four triangular bandages. -Six safety pins. -Un-medicated wound dressings, various sizes. -Disposable gloves. |
| What Is The Role Of The Appointed Person For First Aid? | -Someone to take charge of a first-aid situation where no trained first-aider is needed. -Takes charge when someone is injured, or falls ill; to include phoning for an ambulance. -Look after first-aid equipment; to include restocking. |
| How Often Must A Practice's Qualified First Aider Update Their Training? | Every three years. |
| What Information Must Be Included In An Accident Book? | -Full name, address and occupation of person injured. -Signature of person completing the accident book and date of occurrence. -When and where the accident happened. -Details of what happened and injuries sustained. |
| What Are The Steps In Which An Accident Should Be Dealt With? | -Assess the situation. -Decide what’s wrong. -Respond to what you find. -Say goodbye to the casualty. -Tidy up the scene. -Record in the accident book. |
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