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Political Parties

Chapter 8

QuestionAnswer
party polarization When political parties move farther away from each other ideologically and also move away from the center
political party A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
linkage institutions Institutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main linkage institutions.
Rational Choice Theory A theory that states that individuals act in their own best interest.
party image The voter's perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for, such as conservatism or liberalism
party identification a citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party or the other
ticket splitting Voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. It has become the norm in American voting behavior.
closed primaries primary elections in which only registered party members may vote
open primaries primary elections in which eligible voters do not need to be registered party members
National Convention The meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform.
coalition a group of individuals with a common interest on which every political party depends
Political Party Eras Historical eras in which a majority of voters agree with the party in power and tend to win most of the elections.
party realignment The displacement of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.
winner-take-all system an election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins
Party dealignment the disengagement of people from the partiess, as seen in part by the shrinking of party indentification.
national committee One of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions. The national committee is composed of representatives from the states and territories.
national chairperson person responsible for the day-to-day activities of the party and is usually hand-picked by the presidential nominee.
critical election An election when significant groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalty.
New Deal Coalition coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.
third parties electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.
Created by: Mrs. Kaminski
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